{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:56:33Z","timestamp":1788281793427,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The FACE\u2010Q Craniofacial Module for children and young adults is a patient\u2010reported outcome measure (PROM) designed to measure outcomes for patients aged 8 to 29\u00a0years with facial conditions. The aim of this study was to establish content validity of a relevant subset of the module for its use in orthodontic patients with malocclusion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting and Sample Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Experts in orthodontics were emailed and invited to provide feedback through a Research Electronic Data Capture survey. Patient feedback was obtained through cognitive interviews with patients aged 8 to 29\u00a0years recruited from a university\u2010based orthodontic clinic in Canada.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Expert opinion and patient interviews were used to obtain feedback on the content of 4 appearance (face, smile, teeth and jaws) and 1 function (eating and drinking) scales hypothesized to be relevant to orthodontic malocclusions, and to elicit new concepts. Interviews were audio\u2010recorded, transcribed, and coded using a line\u2010by\u2010line approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010one experts and 15 patients participated. Expert feedback led us to drop 9, retain 40, revise 4 and add 16 new items. At the conclusion of cognitive interviews no items were dropped, 55 were retained, 5 were revised and 8 new items were added. The final set of 68 items demonstrated content validity for orthodontic patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Expert feedback and cognitive interviews enabled us to revise and refine 5 scales as part of the FACE\u2010Q Craniofacial Module for use in orthodontic patients. These scales were included in the internationalfield\u2010test of the FACE\u2010Q Craniofacial Module.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,6]],"date-time":"2021-02-06T07:42:16Z","timestamp":1612597336000},"page":"553-560","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Establishing content validity of an orthodontic subset of the FACE\u2010Q Craniofacial Module in children and young adults with malocclusion"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6457-8889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Tassi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Graduate Orthodontics Schulich School of Medicine &amp; Dentistry Western University London ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bachelor of Health Sciences McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhoomika","family":"Piplani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Longmire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen W. Y.","family":"Wong Riff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne F.","family":"Klassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-015-1681-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/14.2.125"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ortho\/27.2.149"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2007.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration.Guidance for industry: patient\u2010reported outcome measures: use in medical product development to support labeling claims. http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/Drugs\/Guidances\/UCM193282.pdf. Accessed December 19 2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessing oral health\u2010related quality of life in children and adolescents: a systematic review and standardized comparison of available instruments","volume":"22","author":"Zaror C","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Oral Invest"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"ZE21","article-title":"Oral health and quality of life: current concepts","volume":"11","author":"Baiju R","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Diagnostic Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-14-66"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f167"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0528.2000.280305.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cji083"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14653125.2015.1114712"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14653125.2015.1114223"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/16-148"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000001305"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e015467","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015467","article-title":"International multiphase mixed methods study protocol to develop a cross\u2010cultural patient\u2010reported outcome instrument for children and young adults with cleft lip and\/or palate (CLEFT\u2010Q)","volume":"7","author":"Riff KWYW","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1606361"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-018-1829-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665617732854"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.170289"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-10-80"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412983655"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","volume-title":"Analysis of the Cognitive Interview in Questionnaire Design: Understanding Qualitative Research","author":"Willis GB","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1446.2010.00938.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7818"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1611252"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034511399918"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2011.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2011.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015291021312"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2019.05.039"}],"container-title":["Orthodontics &amp; Craniofacial Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ocr.12474","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ocr.12474","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ocr.12474","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T16:54:44Z","timestamp":1693328084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ocr.12474"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ocr.12474"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ocr.12474","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1601-6335","1601-6343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1601-6335","type":"print"},{"value":"1601-6343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-02-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}