{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:28:16Z","timestamp":1789662496816,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647043200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":352,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE022816"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE022816"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1938533"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1938533"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to quantify the 3D asymmetry of the maxilla in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCP) and investigate the defect factors responsible for the variability of the maxilla on the cleft side using a deep\u2010learning\u2010based CBCT image segmentation protocol.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting and sample population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 60 patients with UCP were acquired. The samples in this study consisted of 39 males and 21 females, with a mean age of 11.52\u00a0years (SD\u00a0=\u00a03.27\u00a0years; range of 8\u201018\u00a0years).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The deep\u2010learning\u2010based protocol was used to segment the maxilla and defect initially, followed by manual refinement. Paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests were performed to characterize the maxillary asymmetry. A multiple linear regression was carried out to investigate the relationship between the defect parameters and those of the cleft side of the maxilla.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cleft side of the maxilla demonstrated a significant decrease in maxillary volume and length as well as alveolar length, anterior width, posterior width, anterior height and posterior height. A significant increase in maxillary anterior width was demonstrated on the cleft side of the maxilla. There was a close relationship between the defect parameters and those of the cleft side of the maxilla.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on the 3D volumetric segmentations, significant hypoplasia of the maxilla on the cleft side existed in the pyriform aperture and alveolar crest area near the defect. The defect structures appeared to contribute to the variability of the maxilla on the cleft side.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T21:36:28Z","timestamp":1615584988000},"page":"108-116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["3D morphometric quantification of maxillae and defects for patients with unilateral cleft palate via deep learning\u2010based CBCT image auto\u2010segmentation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics Beijing Stomatological Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Stomatology Beijing Tian Tan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Pastewait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Air Force Kadena AB  Kadena Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6844-7587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tai\u2010Hsien","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics College of Dentistry The Ohio State University  Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunfeng","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics Xi'an Jiaotong University  Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Tejera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontics Nova Southeastern University  Ft. Lauderdale FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan\u2010Ting","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences Research Adam School of Dentistry University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng\u2010Chang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinggang","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Development Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co., Ltd.  Shanghai China"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering ShanghaiTech University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Department of Artificial Intelligence Korea University  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics Beijing Stomatological Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching\u2010Chang","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics College of Dentistry The Ohio State University  Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/09-217"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"Gorlin's Syndromes of the Head and Neck","author":"Hennekam RCM","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2015.76.10.584"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665617732775"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.58.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2013.43.3.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_2003_040_0493_aonaic_2.0.co_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2012.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijos.2014.59"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2016.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-019-01946-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5624\/isd.2019.49.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"251","article-title":"3D segmentation of maxilla in cone\u2010beam computed tomography imaging using base invariant wavelet active shape model on customized two\u2010manifold topology","volume":"21","author":"Chang Y\u2010B","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Xray Sci Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24574-4_28"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46723-8_49"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZhangY PeiY ChenS et al.Volumetric registration\u2010based cleft volume estimation of alveolar cleft grafting procedures. In: 2020 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI);2020:99\u2010103.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISBI45749.2020.9098407"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67558-9_28"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","unstructured":"ReddiSJ KaleS KumarS.On the convergence of Adam and beyond. eprint arXiv:190409237. April 2019:arXiv:1904.09237."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"8026","article-title":"Pytorch: an imperative style, high\u2010performance deep learning library","author":"Paszke A","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31381"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.13793"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.09.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.07.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31826466d8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2020.110085"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2012.39.5.477"}],"container-title":["Orthodontics &amp; Craniofacial Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ocr.12482","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ocr.12482","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/am-pdf\/10.1111\/ocr.12482","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ocr.12482","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T22:31:08Z","timestamp":1692829868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ocr.12482"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ocr.12482"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ocr.12482","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1601-6335","1601-6343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1601-6335","type":"print"},{"value":"1601-6343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-10-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}