{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T01:53:07Z","timestamp":1792461187413,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,15]],"date-time":"2021-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the three\u2010dimensional changes following rapid maxillary expansion (RME) of the nasal cavity (NC) and pharyngeal airway (PA) in growing patients, using innovative and validated evaluation methods and to investigate whether a correlation between skeletal expansion and increase in airway volume exists.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Settings and sample population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Records of patients who had cone beam computed tomography taken before and after orthodontic treatment with or without RME were retrospectively collected and divided into two groups: (a) RME, 39 patients (mean age 10.40\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.74\u00a0years); and (b) control, 29 patients, matched for age (mean age 11.07\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.45\u00a0years) and follow\u2010up period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Total and partial volumes of the NC and the PA were calculated. The PA centerline was determined to assess the minimal cross\u2010sectional area and hydraulic diameter. Paired and unpaired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test were applied to compare the difference between time points and between groups. One\u2010way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's tests were used to compare subgroups with respect to changes in palatal width and lacrimal ducts distance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All of the NC, PA and skeletal parameters were significantly enlarged after RME. The NC volume and inter\u2010molar distance in the RME were significantly larger compared to the control group. The initially lower mean values of minimal cross\u2010sectional area and hydraulic diameter in the RME group when compared to the control group normalized after RME treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on validated analyses, the NC volume increase was evident after RME in the long term after controlling for growth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]],"date-time":"2021-08-05T18:26:38Z","timestamp":1628187998000},"page":"124-133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Does rapid maxillary expansion enlarge the nasal cavity and pharyngeal airway? A three\u2010dimensional assessment based on validated analyses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3991-5393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Niu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Orthodontics Department of Dentistry and Oral Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6142-7804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melih","family":"Motro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Boston University Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie A.","family":"Will","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Boston University Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8050-2868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie A.","family":"Cornelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Orthodontics Department of Dentistry and Oral Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Melbourne Dental School Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences The University of Melbourne Carlton Vic. 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