{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T19:29:55Z","timestamp":1776281395229,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To analyse the associations between the widths and forms of dental arches, malocclusions and crowding in middle\u2010aged adult population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study material is part of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966); the subjects were examined at the age of 46\u00a0years. A total of 781 adults with full dentition and no orthodontic treatment history were included. Overjet, overbite, cross\u2010bite and scissor bite were examined during clinical examination. The widths and forms of dental arches, molar relationships and crowding were measured using three\u2010dimensional (3D) dental models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dental arches were significantly larger in males than in females. Class II (CII) occlusion and increased overjet (\u22656\u00a0mm) were associated with narrow maxilla (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05 respectively). Subjects with lateral cross\u2010bite had significantly narrower maxilla and wider mandible (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05) than subjects with normal lateral occlusion. In subjects with CII occlusion, square or tapered maxilla and tapered or ovoid mandible were significantly more frequent compared to subjects with Class I (CI) occlusion (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05). CII occlusion was significantly associated with crowding in the maxilla (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Narrow and tapered\u2010shaped maxilla was related to CII occlusion, which was associated with dental crowding in the maxilla. Malocclusions were more likely to be found together with other malocclusions than alone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T16:54:10Z","timestamp":1639500850000},"page":"468-475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Associations of sagittal malocclusions with dental arch characteristics and crowding in Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4499-4003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Tervahauta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine Medical Research Center Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonna","family":"Nokela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6604-8806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ville","family":"Vuollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine Medical Research Center Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4514-836X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pertti","family":"Pirttiniemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine Medical Research Center Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2152-5140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna\u2010Sofia","family":"Silvola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine Medical Research Center Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"274","article-title":"A detailed consideration of the line of occlusion","volume":"48","author":"Ricketts RM","year":"1978","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(99)70334-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"445","article-title":"Genetic influence on dental arch form in orthodontic patients","volume":"68","author":"Cassidy KM","year":"1998","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"The form of the human dental arch","volume":"68","author":"Braun S","year":"1998","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/062305-209"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"941","article-title":"Dental and alveolar arch widths in normal occlusion, Class II division 1 and Class II division 2","volume":"75","author":"Uysal T","year":"2005","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/0003-3219(2008)078[0597:AWIAWC]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"312","article-title":"Ideal arch form","volume":"4","author":"Chuck GC","year":"1932","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ojst.2011.14023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4047\/jap.2017.9.5.321"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-2410"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(83)90320-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(97)80022-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjr121"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2017.10.028"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"417","article-title":"Changes in the dental arches and dentition between 25 and 45 years of age","volume":"66","author":"Bishara SE","year":"1996","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"356","article-title":"Comparison of dental arch and alveolar widths of patients with Class II, Division 1 malocclusion and subjects with Class I ideal occlusion","volume":"74","author":"Sayin MO","year":"2004","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"University of Oulu: Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. 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