{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:40:40Z","timestamp":1785199240995,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,13]],"date-time":"2022-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The surgical condylar displacement often resulted in relapse and serious symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) after orthognathic surgery. To minimize the displacement, numerous techniques have been proposed. To verify their accuracy in positioning and effectiveness in preventing post\u2010operative TMD and relapse, we reviewed the literature related to intraoperative condylar positioning techniques on the mandible in this study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The literature on condylar positioning techniques was reviewed with two charts, including the non\u2010computer\u2010assisted and the computer\u2010assisted positioning methods. The pre\u2010 and post\u2010operative alterations of condyles, the post\u2010operative temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function and surgical relapse were analysed regarding the techniques. The clinical usage and characteristics were reviewed as well.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 22 articles, including 907 patients, have been reported since 2001. Nearly all methods reach a considerable positioning accuracy within the range of 1\u20102\u00a0mm and 1\u20102\u00b0 from the pre\u2010operative position. We ranked the accuracy of the methods from high to low: CAD\/CAM CPDs &gt; CAD\/CAM titanium plate positioning &gt; manual positioning &gt; computer\u2010assisted navigation systems &gt; imaging positioning systems. Most skeletal class II and class III patients achieved great occlusion and had no TMJ dysfunction or relapse after condylar positioning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both the non\u2010computer\u2010assisted and computer\u2010assisted condylar positioning techniques reach considerable accuracy in locating the pre\u2010operative condyle position and preventing TMJ dysfunction and surgical relapse. Different levels of surgeons and cases can benefit from multiple suggested positioning methods. Further research with large samples and long\u2010term follow\u2010up is worth looking forward to upgrading the current methods, improving the clinical utility and developing new positioning techniques.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T20:49:53Z","timestamp":1643834993000},"page":"449-458","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Intraoperative condylar positioning techniques on mandible in orthognathic surgery"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3876-3340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"WingYan","family":"Chow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University  Chengdu 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