{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T00:34:46Z","timestamp":1781915686257,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using maxillary protraction during different stages of the dentition by assessing changes in the jaws and inclination of incisors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane, Web Of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Databases were searched without time limitations up to 15 January 2022. Google Scholar was used to search grey literature. We included cohort studies that compared the effect of maxillary protraction by analysing primary outcomes and were grouped in age\u2010related conditions. Mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were used for statistical analysis, followed by Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six studies were finally included. The heterogeneity test showed <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2265\u00a0.1 and <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0\u2264\u00a050%, and a fixed\u2010effect model was applied. Patients in the early treatment group (ETG) were mainly in the early\u2010mixed dentition stage, while patients in the late treatment group (LTG) were in the late\u2010mixed and early\u2010permanent dentition stage. Meta\u2010analysis showed that there were no statistical differences (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0.05) between the ETG and LTG groups in terms of SNA (the angle composed by point Sella\u2010Nasion\u2010Subspinale), SNB (the angle composed by point Sella\u2010Nasion\u2010Supramentale), ANB (the angle composed by point Subspinale\u2010Nasion\u2010Supramentale), Wits, U1\/SN (the angle composed by the axis of upper incisors and Sella\u2010Nasion plane) and L1\/MP (the angle composed by the axis of lower incisors and the mandibular plane).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our analysis showed that maxillary protraction applied in the late\u2010mixed or early\u2010permanent dentition stage did not cause different effects on the maxillary growth, the correction of the intermaxillary relationship, the inhibition of mandibular growth and dental tipping of skeletal class III patients when compared to that in the early\u2010mixed dentition stage. Collectively, these data provide a theoretical basis for widening the applicable age period of maxillary protraction and choosing the best treatment opportunity for children patients after a comprehensive assessment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T20:54:38Z","timestamp":1647636878000},"page":"549-561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Clinical effects of maxillary protraction in different stages of dentition in skeletal class III children: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Jiangwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Stomatology Tianjin Medical University  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontic Tianjin Stomatological Hospital School of Medicine Nankai University  Tianjin 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontic Tianjin Stomatological Hospital School of Medicine Nankai University  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction  Tianjin China"},{"name":"School of Medicine Nankai University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontic Tianjin Stomatological Hospital School of Medicine Nankai University  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction  Tianjin China"},{"name":"School of Medicine Nankai University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontic Tianjin Stomatological Hospital School of Medicine Nankai University  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction  Tianjin China"},{"name":"School of Medicine Nankai University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linkun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontic Tianjin Stomatological Hospital School of Medicine Nankai University  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/2177-6709.23.6.40.e1-10.onl"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"Meta\u2010analysis of the efficacy of bone anchorage and maxillary facemask protraction devices in treating skeletal class III 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(Doctor thesis) Shandong University Jinan Shandong China 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"ChaochaoH.Cephalometrics analysis after maxillary protration with repetitive expansion and constriction of early skeletal class III malocclusion in the bone age group. (Master thesis) Binzhou Medical University Binzhou Shandong China 2019."},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"104","article-title":"Orthodontic experience of maxillary protraction combined with rapid maxillary expansion for the correction of early skeletal class III malocclusion","volume":"6","author":"Liu W","year":"2011","journal-title":"China Pr Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/15.3.211"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/101718-750.1"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Analysis of the efficacy of maxillary protraction for skeletal class III with maxillary restrusion in different age groups","volume":"15","author":"Chen Y","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Dent Prev Treat"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","first-page":"125","article-title":"Three\u2010dimensional finite element analysis of the mandible under different orthopedic chincup forces","volume":"12","author":"Xuejun Z","year":"2004","journal-title":"Beijing J Stomatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/050510-244.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2000.107009"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","first-page":"88","article-title":"Radiographic evaluation of skeletal maturation. 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