{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:18:19Z","timestamp":1787015899116,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005648","name":"American Association of Orthodontists Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005648","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Colony\u2010stimulating factor\u20101 receptor (CSF1R) is vital for the recruitment of monocytes, and their proliferation and differentiation into functional osteoclasts. Mouse studies, where CSF1R and its cognate ligand are absent, have significant craniofacial phenotypes, but these have not been studied in detail.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pregnant CD1 mice were fed diets laced with CSF1R inhibitor\u2014PLX5622 starting at embryonic day 3.5 (E3.5) up to birth. Pups were collected at E18.5 to study CSF1R expression using immunofluorescence. Additional pups were studied at postnatal day 21 (P21) and P28 using microcomputed tomography (\u03bcCT) and Geometric Morphometrics, to evaluate craniofacial form.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CSF1R\u2010positive cells were present throughout the developing craniofacial region, including the jaw bones, surrounding teeth, tongue, nasal cavities, brain, cranial vault and base regions. Animals exposed to the CSF1R inhibitor in utero had severe depletion of CSF1R\u2010positive cells at E18.5 and had significant differences in craniofacial\n                      <jats:italic>form<\/jats:italic>\n                      (size and shape) at postnatal timepoints. Centroid sizes for the mandibular and cranio\u2010maxillary regions were significantly smaller in CSF1R\u2010inhibited animals. Proportionally, these animals had a domed skull, with taller and wider cranial vaults and shortening of their midfacial regions. Mandibles were smaller vertically and anterio\u2010posteriorly, with proportionally wider inter\u2010condylar distances.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Embryonic inhibition of CSF1R impacts postnatal craniofacial morphogenesis, with significant influences on the mandibular and cranioskeletal size and shape. These data indicate that CSF1R plays a role in early cranio\u2010skeletal patterning, likely through osteoclast depletion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T00:31:15Z","timestamp":1685061075000},"page":"20-28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Embryonic inhibition of colony\u2010stimulating factor 1 receptor impacts craniofacial morphogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ashina","family":"Nagra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoki","family":"Katsube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wade","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica M.","family":"Rosin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7067-499X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siddharth R.","family":"Vora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.199908"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-08190-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"161","article-title":"A synchronous group of mammallian cells whose in vivo behavior can be studied","volume":"13","author":"Frost HM","year":"1965","journal-title":"Henry Ford Hosp Med Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9092073"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.622035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04208-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.20219"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2020.115471"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2005.00331.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.969481"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.12.4828"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a108657"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.v99.1.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002239900657"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2006.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2012.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2015.00417"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"198","article-title":"Morphology of the mandibular condyle in \"toothless\" osteopetrotic (op\/op) mice","volume":"17","author":"Kawata T","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2015.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2022.166636"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2014.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2015.00319"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3182077fbd"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026317"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2022.114884"}],"container-title":["Orthodontics &amp; 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