{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:24:48Z","timestamp":1787315088213,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In orthodontics, white spot lesions are a persistent and widespread problem caused by the demineralization of buccal tooth surfaces around bonded brackets. The remaining adhesive around the brackets leads to surface roughness, which might contribute to demineralization. The present in vitro study aimed to compare a conventional and a modern adhesive system (APC Flash\u2010Free technology) for orthodontic brackets with regard to the adhesion of\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus sobrinus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , a leading caries pathogen.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This in vitro study included 20 premolar teeth and compared 10 APC Flash\u2010Free adhesive\u2010coated ceramic brackets (FF)with 10 conventionally bonded (CB) ceramic clarity brackets. Specimens were incubated in an\n                      <jats:italic>S.\u2009sobrinus<\/jats:italic>\n                      suspension for 3\u2009h. To evaluate the bacterial formation, samples were analysed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Imaging software was used to quantify and statistically compare percentage values of colonization (PVC) in both groups' adhesion and transition areas.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We found a significant difference in biofilm formation between the groups for the adhesive and transition areas. PVC in the adhesive area was approximately 10.3\u2010fold greater for the CB group compared with the FF group (median: 3.2 vs 0.31;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). For the transition area, median PVC was approximately 2.4\u2010fold greater for the CB group compared with the FF group (median: 53.17 vs 22.11;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was a significantly lower level of\n                      <jats:italic>S.\u2009sobrinus<\/jats:italic>\n                      formation around the FF bracket system than there was surrounding the conventionally bonded group. This study suggests that the FF adhesive bracket system can help reduce the occurrence of bacterial growth around orthodontic brackets.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T05:55:46Z","timestamp":1689832546000},"page":"95-101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Influence of the orthodontic bonding procedure on biofilm formation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Bijan Levent","family":"Blochberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dental Medicine University Hospital Jena  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judit","family":"Symmank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dental Medicine University Hospital Jena  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1nn","family":"Nitzsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dental Medicine University Hospital Jena  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandor","family":"Nietzsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electron Microscopy Center University Hospital Jena  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Steiniger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electron Microscopy Center University Hospital Jena  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Guellmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine University Hospital Jena  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Reise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine University Hospital Jena  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Sigusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine University Hospital Jena  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Collin","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dental Medicine University Hospital Jena  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph\u2010Ludwig","family":"Hennig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dental Medicine University Hospital Jena  Jena 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