{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T10:18:54Z","timestamp":1780049934096,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate stability outcomes and failure rates associated with four types of lingual retainers: (1) dead\u2010soft wire, (2) multistrand stainless steel (SS) wire, (3) CAD\/CAM nitinol, and (4) connected bonding pads (CBPs) after 3\u2009years of retention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study enrolled 96 patients (66 females, 30 males) with a median age of 19\u2009years with four types of lingual retainers: (1) 0.016\u2009\u00d7\u20090.022\u2010inch dead\u2010soft wire, (2) 0.0215\u2010inch five\u2010strand SS wire, (3) 0.014\u2009\u00d7\u20090.014\u2010inch CAD\/CAM nitinol wire, and (4) CBPs. The irregularity index, intercanine distances, and arch lengths were obtained and used to evaluate mandibular stability. Failure rates were also assessed during this study. Data were statistically analysed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Irregularity increased, whereas intercanine width and arch length decreased after 3 years of retention. The greatest irregularity was associated with the CBPs and the least with the CAD\/CAM retainers. Changes in stability measurements were significantly higher in the dead\u2010soft wire and CBPs than those in the CAD\/CAM nitinol and multistrand SS wires. Parallel to these changes, the frequency of failure yielded similar results with the same significance between the groups. The failure rate of CBPs, in contrast to the CAD\/CAM nitinol and multistrand SS wires, was significantly higher in the right quadrant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>After taking the 3\u2010year results into consideration, CAD\/CAM nitinol and multistrand SS wires were found to be more successful than the others in maintaining mandibular stability. The most failures were observed with CBPs after 3\u2009years of retention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T07:48:36Z","timestamp":1696319316000},"page":"251-258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Stability and failure rate during 3\u2009years of fixed retention: A follow\u2010up of an randomized clinical trial on adolescents with four different lingual retainers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1240-6951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serpil","family":"\u00c7okako\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry Pamukkale University  Denizli Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2238-9304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rabia","family":"Adanur\u2010Atmaca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice  Antalya Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merve","family":"\u00c7ak\u0131r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry Pamukkale University  Denizli Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u0131rat","family":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice  Denizli Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12475"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-021-2937-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2015.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2015.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"Leone orthodontic product catalog. 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