{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T01:58:07Z","timestamp":1776477487551,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is currently no consensus in the literature whether the aetiology of a Class II subdivision is dental, skeletal or both. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify skeletal and dental asymmetries in Class II subdivision malocclusions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>CBCTs from 33 Class II subdivision malocclusion patients were used to construct 3D volumetric label maps. Eighteen landmarks were identified. The original scan and associated 3D volumetric label map were mirrored. Registration of the original and mirrored images relative to the anterior cranial base, maxilla and mandible were performed. Surface models were generated, and 3D differences were quantified. Statistical analysis was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anterior cranial base registration showed significant differences for fossa vertical difference, fossa roll, mandibular yaw, mandibular lateral displacement and lower midline displacement. Regional registrations showed significant differences for antero\u2010posterior (A\u2010P) mandibular length, maxillary roll, A\u2010P maxillary first molar position, maxillary first molar yaw and maxillary first molar roll. Class II subdivision patients also show an asymmetric mandibular length as well as an asymmetric gonial angle. Moderate correlations were found between the A\u2010P molar relationship and fossa A\u2010P difference, mandibular first molar A\u2010P difference, maxillary first molar A\u2010P difference and maxillary first molar yaw.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study suggests that Class II subdivisions can result from both significant skeletal and dental factors. Skeletal factors include a shorter mandible as well as posterior and higher displacement of the fossa on the Class II side, resulting in mandibular yaw. Dental factors include maxillary and mandibular first molar antero\u2010posterior asymmetry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T12:31:10Z","timestamp":1698323470000},"page":"267-275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Asymmetry in Class <scp>II<\/scp> subdivision malocclusion: Assessment based on <scp>3D<\/scp> surface models"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Regina C.","family":"Sencak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Benavides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry University of Michigan  Ann 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