{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T20:20:29Z","timestamp":1782937229824,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,21]],"date-time":"2024-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the position of the mandibular lingula (ML) in adult patients (aged between 18 and 35\u2009years old) with different skeletal and growth patterns using cone\u2010beam computed tomography (CBCT).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dentistry department of University.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjects comprised CBCT images of 150 adult patients, including 300 rami.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Materials<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 150 CBCT aged between 18 and 35 were selected and divided into three main groups of 50 samples based on their skeletal relationships (classes I, II and III). Patients were subdivided based on their growth pattern (vertical vs. horizontal), resulting in 25 samples per subgroup. Distances between the mandibular lingula and occlusal plane (ML\u2010OP), sigmoid notch (ML\u2010SN), external oblique ridge (ML\u2010EOR), internal oblique ridge (ML\u2010IOR), posterior border of the ramus (ML\u2010PBR), inferior border of the ramus (ML\u2010IBR), and horizontal and vertical distances to the mandibular foramen (ML\u2010hMF and ML\u2010vMF). One\u2010way ANOVA variance analysis was employed to compare different angle classifications, and Bonferroni analysis was used for multiple comparisons. The Student's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test was also used to compare growth patterns within each main group and genders within the subgroup.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study revealed statistically significant differences in the position of the mandibular lingula between different angle classifications, growth patterns, and genders. Class II samples showed a more anterior position of the ML, whereas Class III samples displayed a more posterior position of the ML. Patients with horizontal growth patterns and Angle Class III had a more posteriorly positioned ML. Gender differences were observed, particularly in Class I and Class III classifications, suggesting that gender may influence the variability of ML position in these specific classifications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The position of the mandibular lingula showed high variability among individuals with different angle classifications, growth patterns and genders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T06:58:36Z","timestamp":1705906716000},"page":"494-503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Three\u2010dimensional evaluation of mandibular lingula: Comparisons of skeletal angle classifications and growth patterns"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Babak","family":"Sayahpour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum) Goethe University Frankfurt  Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludovica","family":"Nucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Department of Medical\u2010Surgical and Dental Specialties University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Eslami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum) Goethe University Frankfurt  Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmadreza","family":"Talaeipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxillofacial Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Science Islamic Azad University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajedeh","family":"Ahmadi\u00a0Ranani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences Islamic Azad University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Mafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London Eastman Dental Institute  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8841-0447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdolreza","family":"Jamilian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City of London Dental School University of Bolton  London UK"},{"name":"Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences Islamic Azad University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/FM.a2020.0135"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/njms.NJMS_13_16"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"58","article-title":"Assessment of the location of the mandibular lingula in pediatric patients using cone beam computed tomography images","volume":"85","author":"Aps JKM","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dent Child"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/873751"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-018-1973-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-023-05346-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2011.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-007-0270-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7860\/Jcdr\/2017\/25453.9585"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5624\/isd.2020.50.2.125"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2019.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12030881"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10020170"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2571534"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-020-00842-x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","first-page":"446","article-title":"A comparison of jaw dimensional and quality assessments of bone characteristics with cone\u2010beam CT, spiral tomography, and multi\u2010slice spiral CT","volume":"22","author":"Loubele M","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2016.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3182a30ec3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/Scs.0000000000004293"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12061015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5125\/jkaoms.2019.45.3.158"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9121747"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13030419"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2022.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40902-017-0128-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.SJA_543_18"}],"container-title":["Orthodontics &amp; Craniofacial Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ocr.12757","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T10:13:55Z","timestamp":1715076835000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ocr.12757"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,21]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ocr.12757"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ocr.12757","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1601-6335","1601-6343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1601-6335","type":"print"},{"value":"1601-6343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}