{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:29:56Z","timestamp":1791361796011,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Structured Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The introduction of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in dentistry has given orthodontists the possibility of studying craniofacial structures in three dimensions. Despite the possibility to obtain lateral cephalograms synthesized from CBCT, this approach still does not provide a fully three\u2010dimensional evaluation of the patient's anatomy. While there has been some success in adapting traditional two\u2010dimensional cephalometric analyses to three dimensions, the specific application of Enlow's cephalometric analysis using CBCT remains unexplored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This pilot study aims to introduce a novel approach for performing Enlow's vertical track analysis using CBCT images.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighteen CBCT images of skeletal Class I (ANB\u2009=\u20092\u2009\u00b1\u20092) subjects (12 males and 6 females, aged from 9 to 19\u2009years) with no history of previous orthodontic treatment were selected. For each subject, 2D Enlow's vertical track analysis was performed on lateral cephalograms extracted from the CBCT images, and separately, 3D vertical track analysis was directly performed on the CBCT images. To validate the proposed method, we compared the differences between the posterior vertical counterpart (PVC) and the middle vertical counterpart (MVC), as well as between the middle vertical counterpart (MVC) and the anterior vertical counterpart (AVC), as obtained from both the two\u2010dimensional and three\u2010dimensional analyses. The Kolmogorov\u2010Smirnov normality test was applied for each variable to check whether data were normally distributed and a paired Student's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test was performed. The level of statistical significance was .05.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The comparison between three\u2010dimensional PVC\u2010MVC (\u22120.43\u2009\u00b1\u20090.37\u2009cm) and two\u2010dimensional PVC\u2010MVC (\u22120.53\u2009\u00b1\u20090.36\u2009cm) revealed no statistical difference (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.27). Similarly, no significant difference (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.28) was observed between two\u2010dimensional MVC\u2010AVC (\u22120.56\u2009\u00b1\u20090.34\u2009cm) and three\u2010dimensional MVC\u2010AVC (\u22120.47\u2009\u00b1\u20090.37\u2009cm).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The method proposed by this study to realize the vertical track analysis on 3D images is valid and superimposable on that described by Enlow on lateral cephalograms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T11:09:32Z","timestamp":1715857772000},"page":"33-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pilot study for three\u2010dimensional cephalometric Enlow's counterpart analysis: Vertical track. Two\u2010dimensional and three\u2010dimensional comparison"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Michele","family":"D'Attilio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine &amp; Dentistry University \u201cG. d'Annunzio\u201d Chieti\u2010Pescara  Chieti Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Falone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine &amp; Dentistry University \u201cG. d'Annunzio\u201d Chieti\u2010Pescara  Chieti Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossana","family":"Pipitone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine &amp; Dentistry University \u201cG. d'Annunzio\u201d Chieti\u2010Pescara  Chieti Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Moscagiuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine &amp; Dentistry University \u201cG. d'Annunzio\u201d Chieti\u2010Pescara  Chieti Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Caroccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine &amp; Dentistry University \u201cG. d'Annunzio\u201d Chieti\u2010Pescara  Chieti Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5600-6538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonino","family":"Peluso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine &amp; Dentistry University \u201cG. d'Annunzio\u201d Chieti\u2010Pescara  Chieti Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"A new x\u2010ray technique and its application to orthodontia","volume":"1","author":"Broadbent BH","year":"1931","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-017-0620-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300050586"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"S102","article-title":"Cone beam computed tomography: basics and applications in dentistry","volume":"51","author":"Venkatesh E","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Istanb Univ Fac Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"184","volume-title":"Contemporary Orthodontics","author":"Proffit WR","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-017-0758-2"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Standard and low\u2010dose cone beam computer tomography protocol for orthognatodontic diagnosis: a comparative evaluation","volume":"32","author":"Portelli M","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biol Regul Homeost Agents"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-019-02907-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14653125231178038"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20140024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.11.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2010.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000009267"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004248"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/mps4010015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pio.2010.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2014.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(69)90254-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12102513"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13142337"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","volume-title":"Statistical Methods for Medical and Biological Students","author":"Dahlberg G","year":"1940"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-14971-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2011.01662.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02131-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering9050216"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20170054"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-03990-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2018.03.013","article-title":"A new methodology for automatic detection of reference points in 3D cephalometry: a pilot study","volume":"16","author":"Ed\u2010Dhahraouy M","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.2093"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1606247"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-022-00413-8"}],"container-title":["Orthodontics &amp; 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