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Here, we aimed to study morphological integration between the sella turcica (ST) and facial bones during the fetal period using geometric morphometrics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Magnetic resonance images of 47 human fetuses in the Kyoto Collection, with crown\u2010rump lengths of 29.8\u2013225\u2009mm, were included in this study. Anatomical homologous landmarks and semilandmarks were registered on the facial bones and the midsagittal contour of the ST, respectively. The shape variations in the craniofacial skeleton and the ST were statistically investigated by reducing dimensionality using principal component analysis (PCA). Subsequently, the morphological integration between the facial bones and ST was investigated using two\u2010block partial least squares (2B\u2010PLS) analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>PCA showed that small specimens represented the concave facial profile, including the mandibular protrusion and maxillary retrusion. The 2B\u2010PLS showed a strong integration (RV coefficient\u2009=\u20090.523, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.79, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01) between the facial bones and ST. The curvature of the anterior wall of the ST was highly associated with immature facial morphology characterized by a concave profile.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The strong integration between the two regions suggested that the anterior ST may be associated with facial morphology. This result quantitatively confirms previous studies reporting ST deformities in facial anomalies and induces further research using postnatal subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T07:53:00Z","timestamp":1721893980000},"page":"938-949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sella turcica and facial bones: Morphological integration in the human fetal cranium"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Natsuko","family":"Utsunomiya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoki","family":"Katsube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masanori","family":"Kumakiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Morimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigehito","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/33.4.472"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjab004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01794887"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1995_032_0394_qeocgi_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01556727"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330160305"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2008.00900.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10292"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2005.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199705000-00030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2010.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8644(2000)43:31+<117::aid-ajpa5>3.3.co;2\u20139"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2006.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2015.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665619827189"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjs091"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23785"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23786"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.6252"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.22654"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85543-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/26.6.597"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2012.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4404\/hystrix-24.1-6292"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2992207"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2829"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-810493-4.00011-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","unstructured":"AdamsDC CollyerM KaliontzopoulouA SherrattE.Geomorph: Software for geometric morphometric analyses. 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