{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T13:13:25Z","timestamp":1788873205645,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alveolar bone grafting (ABG) influences facial soft tissue changes, but the precise effects on the nose and upper lip remain unclear. This study used three\u2010dimensional (3D) facial images to evaluate nose and upper lip alterations after ABG. We further enhanced the visualisation of these changes by generating 3D superimpositions, colour maps and deviation analyses of key critical landmarks in these regions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty patients (8\u201320\u2009years old) with non\u2010syndromic unilateral cleft lip and cleft palate (UCLP) underwent ABG using the iliac bone from September 2022 to September 2023. Three\u2010dimensional facial images were analysed 1\u2009month before and 3\u2009months after surgery to evaluate the spatial displacement of 18 nose and upper lip landmarks to assess changes after ABG. Colour maps were constructed, and 3D deviation analysis was also performed. Paired sample <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> tests and Wilcoxon's signed\u2010rank tests were used to analyse alterations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 3D analysis uncovered significant forward movement on the cleft side only. This included nasal alar, alar curvature and subalar points. The labrale superius of the upper lip showed similar movement. Conversely, other landmarks showed minimal changes in all directions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>ABG can improve the nasal contour on the cleft side. After ABG, significant forward movement occurs in the cleft side of the nasal alar, alar curvature and subalar regions. Although these changes are minimal, they contribute to the overall improvement in facial aesthetics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T16:19:29Z","timestamp":1732724369000},"page":"345-353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Three\u2010Dimensional Evaluation of Changes in the Nose and Upper Lip After Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting in Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2288-7548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Attapong","family":"Deedklin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Araya","family":"Pisek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dental Public Health, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Supaporn","family":"Kongsomboon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poonsak","family":"Pisek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"},{"name":"Walailak University International College of Dentistry  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"23","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"S68","article-title":"Evaluation of Facial Appearance Among Patients With Repaired Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: Comparison of Patient\u2010 and Clinician\u2010Ratings of Satisfaction","volume":"98","author":"Thittiwong R.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/02-119.4.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0746.110083"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200311000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1699383"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/15-158"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/11\u2010144.1"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"82","article-title":"The Quality of Life of Cleft Lip\u2010Cleft Palate Patients Following Alveolar Cleft Bone Grafting","volume":"24","author":"Nualsiri P.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Khon Kaen University Dental Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874210601812010061"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02280-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2010.03.009"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"S30","article-title":"Evaluating Upper Lip and Nose Changes After Alveolar Bone Grafting in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients Using 3D Stereophotogrammetry","volume":"100","author":"Ranchan A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2933"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0746.95316"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31820f7f19"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2011.11.046"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"188","article-title":"A Comparison Between Landmark and Surface","volume":"12","author":"Kau C. 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