{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T13:48:00Z","timestamp":1766497680468,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Genetic polymorphism of the \u03b1\u2010actinin\u20103 (ACTN3) gene has an influence on the facial skeletal profile, with the activity of the \u03b1\u2010actinins protein influencing the contractile properties of the masseteric muscles. This study examines the association between the ACTN3\n                      <jats:italic>rs1815739<\/jats:italic>\n                      polymorphism through a Stop Codon (changing 577RR to 577XX) resulting in variations in mandibular morphogenesis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two hundred and fifty subjects were categorised into three groups. The control group (Group 1) comprised 100 patients with skeletal Class I malocclusion. The experimental group (Group 2) had 150 subjects with skeletal Class II malocclusions and a retrognathic mandible, divided into two groups of 75 subjects each based on the ramal heights (short ramal height\u2010Group 2a) and (long ramal height\u2010Group 2b). Saliva samples of the subjects were analysed to identify the genotype of the\n                      <jats:italic>rs1815739.<\/jats:italic>\n                      Tissue samples were taken to quantify the mRNA expression in the different alleles studied.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Polymorphism of the ACTN3 gene with risk homozygous TT genotype was linked only to subjects with short ramal height. The highly variable polymorphic site exhibited a substitution of the ancestral allele cytosine (C) with thymine (T) inhibiting protein synthesis. The mRNA expression was also found to be reduced (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in the short ramal height group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ACTN3 577XX polymorphism is more common among individuals with skeletal Class II malocclusion and short ramal height in the Dravidian population. It results in decreased protein expression in the masseteric muscle, which contributes to variations in sagittal and vertical facial dimensions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T13:29:36Z","timestamp":1743254976000},"page":"680-686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Role of\n                    <scp>ACTN3<\/scp>\n                    Gene\n                    <i>rs1815739<\/i>\n                    Polymorphism and Its Effects on Mandibular Morphogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9668-9978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashwin Mathew","family":"George","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals SIMATS University  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jayaseelan Vijayashree","family":"Priyadharsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Genetics Lab, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals SIMATS University  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sumathi","family":"Felicita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals SIMATS University  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shantha","family":"Sundari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals SIMATS University  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aravind Kumar","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals SIMATS University  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914\u2010014\u20100209\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/2177\u20106709.24.3.113.err"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdr"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1970.00480280083010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0079\u20106107(00)00006\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748\u20101716.1975.tb10038.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12585"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232112933"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revsto.2013.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2006.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022\u2010510x(73)90093\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00496196"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/377590"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2018.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2014.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1211"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18179135"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14075"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345920710060301"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002\u20109416(78)90086\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac958"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098\u20101004(200001)15:1<57::AID\u2010HUMU12>3.0.CO;2\u2010G"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2122"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/TurkJOrthod.2022.21171"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47750\/pnr.2022.13.S04.236"}],"container-title":["Orthodontics &amp; 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