{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T09:38:37Z","timestamp":1775554717705,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To classify and characterise facial asymmetry (FA) phenotypes in adult patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) and skeletal Class III (C\u2010III) malocclusion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The samples consisted of 72 adult BCLP patients (56 males, 16 females; mean age, 21.0\u2009years), who were candidates for orthognathic surgery (OGS) or had undergone OGS for the correction of C\u2010III malocclusion. Because BCLP patients have two cleft sides, the vertically longer defect (VLD) side was used for the reference side. Twenty\u2010three cephalometric parameters were measured in posteroanterior cephalograms taken at least 1month before OGS. Principal component analysis was performed to obtain seven representative parameters [ANS\u2010deviation (mm), U1\u2010deviation (mm), L1\u2010deviation (mm), Me\u2010deviation (mm), MaxAntOP\u2010cant (\u00b0), MaxPostOP\u2010cant (\u00b0), ManBorder\u2010cant (\u00b0)]. K\u2010means cluster analysis was conducted using these representative parameters. Differences in cephalometric parameters among the clusters were statistically analysed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>FA phenotypes were classified based on the deviation direction towards the VLD or less VLD side and the upward or downward cant in the VLD side. The classifications were: (1) Symmetry type (20.8%); (2) MxMn\u2010VLD\u2010dev &amp; MxMn\u2010no\u2010cant type (22.2%); (3) MxMn\u2010less\u2010VLD\u2010dev &amp; Mnbase\u2010VLD\u2010down\u2010cant type (9.7%); (4) Mn\u2010less\u2010VLD\u2010dev &amp; MxMn\u2010VLD\u2010down\u2010cant type (20.8%); (5) MxMn\u2010no\u2010dev &amp; MxMn\u2010VLD\u2010up\u2010cant type (19.4%), and (6) MxMn\u2010VLD\u2010dev &amp; MxMn\u2010VLD\u2010up\u2010cant type (6.9%). The possible etiologies of FA phenotypes included ANS deviation, movement of the maxillary incisor by pre\u2010operative orthodontic treatment, and adaptive growth or compensatory growth of the maxilla and\/or mandible.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This FA phenotype classification could serve as a guideline for diagnosis and OGS planning for BCLP patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.70003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T07:59:24Z","timestamp":1751356764000},"page":"862-871","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Facial Asymmetry Phenotypes in Adult Patients With Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate and Skeletal Class <scp>III<\/scp> Malocclusion Using Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6015-1482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihee","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University  Daegu Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7147-8078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su\u2010Ji","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics Seoul National University Dental Hospital  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Il\u2010Hyung","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin\u2010Young","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School of Dentistry, Seoul National University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jong\u2010Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School of Dentistry, Seoul National University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myung\u2010Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Angle Dental Clinic  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2782-8898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jee Hyeok","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Seoul National University Children's Hospital  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sukwha","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University  Seongnam Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6586-9503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung\u2010Hak","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/24.6.647"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/030411-159.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e314","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000009284","article-title":"Facial Asymmetry Phenotypes in Adult Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate and Skeletal Class III Malocclusion Using Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis","volume":"34","author":"Hong M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Craniofacial 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