{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T10:05:52Z","timestamp":1785837952647,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Unplanned changes in aligner circumference may occur during anterior teeth intrusion with clear aligner treatment (CAT), potentially affecting root movement, an important yet often overlooked factor. This study investigated the biomechanical effects of minor aligner circumference changes on lower incisors during intrusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nine finite element analysis models of CAT were created based on the original model. These models were divided into the following groups: the 2 groups of incisors intrusion (0.25 and 0.5\u2009mm), 3 groups of 0.25\u2009mm intrusion combined with aligner circumference changes (\u22120.1, \u22120.2 and\u2009+\u20090.1\u2009mm), and 4 groups of 0.25\u2009mm intrusion combined with labial crown torque (0.5\u00b0, 1\u00b0, 1.5\u00b0 and 2\u00b0).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to the control group (0.25\u2009mm intrusion), the experimental group (0.5\u2009mm intrusion) showed that lower incisors exhibited greater vertical intrusion (0.016\u2009mm vs. 0.012\u2009mm), more lingual crown movement (0.10\u2009mm vs. 0.04\u2009mm), and increased labial root movement (0.021\u2009mm vs. 0.006\u2009mm) sagittally. The 0.25\u2009mm intrusion combined with a \u22120.1\u2009mm aligner circumference increased labial root movement of lower incisors. As the aligner circumference shortened, this effect became more pronounced. Conversely, the group with a +0.1\u2009mm aligner circumference reduced labial root movement. With additional labial crown torque applied to the lower incisors, the roots shifted from labial to lingual. The central incisor achieved pure intrusion at a labial crown torque of 1.06\u00b0 per 0.25\u2009mm intrusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Minor changes in the aligner circumference might significantly induce sagittal root movement of lower incisors during intrusion. Orthodontists should carefully monitor unplanned variations in aligner circumference during incisor intrusion to minimise unintended root movement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.70012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T08:09:31Z","timestamp":1754122171000},"page":"962-970","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Biomechanical Effect of Unexpected Minor Aligner Circumference Changes on Lower Incisors During Intrusion: A Finite Element Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2312-562X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoni","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiru","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanmei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 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