{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T12:43:21Z","timestamp":1761223401886,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the related factors for alveolar bone changes surrounding maxillary central incisors in extraction cases with clear aligner therapy, including tooth displacement and movement pattern.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 94 patients were included. Pre\u2010treatment (T0) and post treatment (T1) cone beam computed tomography was obtained to calculate tooth displacement and labial bone thickness (LBT), palatal bone thickness (PBT), labial bone height (LBH) and palatal bone height (PBH) at different root levels. Paired\u2010\n t<\/jats:italic>\n test and Wilcoxon signed\u2010rank test were performed to compare tooth movement and bone changes between T0 and T1. The two\u2010sided Welch's\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010test and Mann\u2013Whitney\n U<\/jats:italic>\n test were applied for comparison between movement patterns. Multiple linear regression with backward elimination was used to investigate possible factors related to bone changes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Defect of palatal bone was significant, while labial bone basically maintained. Different bone dimensional changes were found between uncontrolled tipping and controlled tipping. Tooth retraction was associated with the decrease of PBT and the increase of LBT. Crown retraction was a dominant factor related to the reduction of PBH. Incisor intrusion resulted in the increase of PBT, the decrease of LBT and the bone defect of both LBH and PBH. Root distal movement was associated with the resorption of LBT and LBH. Lingual inclination was evidently related to LBT loss.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Three\u2010dimensional tooth displacements and movement pattern acted as risk factors for maxillary anterior bone changes after retraction. Treatment planning deign should be aware of predicted tooth movement, preventing alveolar bone defect.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n Clinical Study Registration Number: HGGC\u2010227<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.70044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T12:15:02Z","timestamp":1761221702000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Factors of Alveolar Bone Changes Around Maxillary Central Incisors in Extraction Orthodontic Cases With Clear Aligner Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5447-3516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuan","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yishan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuhan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.2319\/041812-325.1","article-title":"Morphometric Evaluation of Changes in the Alveolar Bone and Roots of the Maxillary Anterior Teeth Before and After En Masse Retraction Using Cone\u2010Beam Computed Tomography","volume":"83","author":"Ahn H. W.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Angle Orthodontist"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(94)70067-2","article-title":"Periodontal Conditions After Facial Root Tipping and Palatal Root Torque of Incisors","volume":"106","author":"Wehrbein H.","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"183","article-title":"External Apical Root Resorption Resulting From Orthodontic Tooth Movement","volume":"6","author":"Harris E. F.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Seminars in Orthodontics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.06.021","article-title":"Root Resorption Associated With Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Systematic Review","volume":"137","author":"Ltman B.","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.2319\/062912-534.1","article-title":"Factors Related to Alveolar Bone Thickness During Upper Incisor Retraction","volume":"83","author":"Yodthong N.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Angle Orthodontist"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-023-00493-z","article-title":"Alveolar Bone Changes Around Maxillary Incisors After Intrusion and Retraction With Controlled Tipping Versus Bodily Movement: A Retrospective Cone\u2010Beam Computed Tomography Study","volume":"85","author":"Sadek M. M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.2319\/120122-827.1","article-title":"Three\u2010Dimensional Morphologic Analysis of the Maxillary Alveolar Bone After Anterior Tooth Retraction With Temporary Anchorage Devices","volume":"93","author":"Ito A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Angle Orthodontist"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.11.017","article-title":"Maxillary Cortical Bone Remodeling Characteristics in Extraction Patients: A Cone\u2010Beam Computed Tomography Study","volume":"164","author":"Wang S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-020-00242-2","article-title":"Displacement in Root Apex and Changes in Incisor Inclination Affect Alveolar Bone Remodeling in Adult Bimaxillary Protrusion Patients: A Retrospective Study","volume":"16","author":"Mao H.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Head & Face Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14454","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71115-6","article-title":"A Study on the Morphologic Change of Palatal Alveolar Bone Shape After Intrusion and Retraction of Maxillary Incisors","volume":"10","author":"Son E. J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.2319\/102716-774.1","article-title":"Peridental Bone Changes After Orthodontic Tooth Movement With Fixed Appliances: A Cone\u2010Beam Computed Tomographic Study","volume":"87","author":"J\u00e4ger F.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Angle Orthodontist"},{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6872","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11226872","article-title":"Detailed Correlation Between Central Incisor Movement and Alveolar Bone Resorption in Adults With Orthodontic Premolar Extraction Treatment: A Retrospective Cohort CBCT Study","volume":"11","author":"Zhang C.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-019-0300-2","article-title":"Alveolar Bone Remodeling During Maxillary Incisor Intrusion and Retraction","volume":"20","author":"Hong S. 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Q.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angle Orthodontist"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12469","article-title":"Alveolar Cortical Plate Changes Associated With Incisor Retraction and Its Influence on the Limits of Orthodontic Tooth Movement","volume":"24","author":"Elnagar M. H.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12609","article-title":"Cone\u2010Beam Computed Tomography Assessment of Maxillary Anterior Alveolar Bone Remodelling in Extraction and Non\u2010Extraction Orthodontic Cases Using Stable Extra\u2010Alveolar Reference","volume":"26","author":"Yang C. Y. 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F.","year":"2021","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2319\/041419-266.1","article-title":"Geometric Analysis of Alveolar Bone Around the Incisors After Anterior Retraction Following Premolar Extraction","volume":"90","author":"Zhang F.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Angle Orthodontist"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(98)70172-6","article-title":"Cortical Bone Remodeling\/Tooth Movement Ratio During Maxillary Incisor Retraction With Tip Versus Torque Movements","volume":"114","author":"Vardimon A. D.","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"},{"volume-title":"Applied Linear Statistical Models","year":"2005","author":"Kutner M. 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A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12194","article-title":"Effect of Orthodontic Treatment on the Periodontal Tissues","volume":"74","author":"Antoun J. S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.12.013","article-title":"The Effects of Aligner Anchorage Preparation on Mandibular First Molars During Premolar\u2010Extraction Space Closure With Clear Aligners: A Finite Element Study","volume":"164","author":"Yang Y.","year":"2023","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.2319\/110723-743.1","article-title":"Miniscrew Anchorage Versus Class II Elastics for Maxillary Arch Distalization Using Clear Aligners","volume":"94","author":"Liu F.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angle Orthodontist"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-023-00489-w","article-title":"Long\u2010Term Bone Remodeling of Maxillary Anterior Teeth With Post\u2010Treatment Alveolar Bone Defect in Adult Patients With Maxillary Protrusion: A Prospective Follow\u2010Up Study","volume":"24","author":"Guo R.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Progress in Orthodontics"}],"container-title":["Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ocr.70044","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T12:15:06Z","timestamp":1761221706000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ocr.70044"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ocr.70044"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ocr.70044","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1601-6335","1601-6343"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1601-6335"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1601-6343"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"ocr.70044"}}