{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T02:04:55Z","timestamp":1791511495543,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the prevalence and contributing factors of mandibular labial gingival recession in patients with fixed lingual orthodontic retainers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study involved 83 post\u2010orthodontic patients with fixed lingual retainers. Labial gingival recession was assessed on the lower incisors and classified using Cairo's Recession Type system. Clinical parameters were collected, including bleeding on probing, biofilm, brushing habits and oral hygiene behaviours. Logistic regression was used to analyse factors associated with recession.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Labial gingival recession was observed in 27 of 83 patients (32.53%). The mean recession was 0.66\u2009mm. Significant associations were found between gingival recession, age (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008) and nail\/pen\/pencil biting habits (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.021). Brushing technique and frequency also showed a significant association.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Labial gingival recession was present in one\u2010third of patients with fixed lingual retainers. Age and mechanical habits, such as nail\u2010biting, were significant predictors. Preventive strategies should target behaviour modification and enhanced oral hygiene education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.70045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T07:01:37Z","timestamp":1759561297000},"page":"42-48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence and Contributing Factors of Mandibular Labial Gingival Recession in Patients With Lingual Orthodontic Retainers: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Chrysoula","family":"Tsiavaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences Aristotle University of Thessaloniki  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Effimia","family":"Koumpia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences Aristotle University of Thessaloniki  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Myrsini","family":"Pouliou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry National and Kapodistrian University of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonidas","family":"Batas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology and Implant Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences Aristotle University of Thessaloniki  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2156-0686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Fragkioudakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology and Implant Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences Aristotle University of Thessaloniki  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moschos A.","family":"Papadopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences Aristotle University of Thessaloniki  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12951"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903\u2010024\u201003998\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12059"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"95","article-title":"Alveolar Bone Loss Following Orthodontic Movement of Teeth Into the Line of Previous Extraction Sites","volume":"89","author":"Artun J.","year":"1986","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601\u20106343.2010.01491.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2004.75.10.1377"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/dj9030034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.427"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjad026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/APP12010273"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016357.2022.2118164"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","first-page":"E1","article-title":"The Impact of Orthodontic Retainers on Gingival Recession: A Best\u2010Evidence Review","volume":"43","author":"Souccar N. 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