{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T20:32:20Z","timestamp":1767817940971,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the association between upper airway obstruction sites and the morphology of lip and perioral soft tissues in paediatric patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Upper airway obstruction sites were classified into four categories using Fujioka and Baroni's methodology: nasopharyngeal obstruction (NO), oropharyngeal obstruction (OO), combined nasopharyngeal\u2013oropharyngeal obstruction (NO\u2009+\u2009OO) and a control group (CG). Primary outcomes focused on quantifying upper and lower lip thickness, while secondary outcomes evaluated perioral soft tissue morphology and maxillary skeletal parameters. Statistical comparisons were performed using one\u2010way ANOVA, Kruskal\u2013Wallis\n                      <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                      test and chi\u2010square tests. A multinomial logistic regression (reference\u2009=\u2009CG) examined adjusted associations, including ANB and SN\u2013MP as covariates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 256 paediatric patients with pre\u2010treatment lateral cephalograms were included, 64 in each group. Comparative analysis revealed the NO group demonstrated significantly greater upper lip thickness (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and eversion (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.012) compared to the CG. Additionally, the NO group displayed a greater distance between the incisal edge of the lower anterior teeth and the uppermost point of the lower lip than the OO and CG groups. Regression analyses confirmed upper lip thickness was positively associated with all obstruction types, whereas upper lip length was inversely related to NO and NO\u2009+\u2009OO.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nasopharyngeal obstruction was associated with upper lip thickening and eversion, while oropharyngeal obstruction corresponded to lower lip protrusion. These findings suggest that distinct obstruction sites are linked to specific perioral and maxillary morphological patterns, emphasising the importance of airway evaluation in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.70061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T09:29:35Z","timestamp":1763198975000},"page":"144-155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cephalometric Analysis of the Association Between Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal Obstruction Sites and Lips and Perioral Soft Tissue Morphology in Children: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Keer","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Ngan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry West Virginia University  Morgantown 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Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry at Optics Valley Branch, School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester  Manchester UK"},{"name":"Center for Dentofacial Development and Sleep Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0167-0028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingting","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Hubei Provincial 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