{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:01:41Z","timestamp":1791237701034,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This longitudinal cohort study aimed to assess changes in vertical facial landmarks in individuals aged 10 to 18\u2009years and identify sex differences in growth patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One hundred and one individuals (males,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200956; females,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200945) were observed. Three\u2010dimensional facial surface images were acquired using stereophotogrammetry every 6\u2009months. The linear distances between various facial structures, with a focus on vertical facial features, were measured and plotted over time, along with the confidence intervals, creating growth curves. To illustrate growth rates, the relative changes between consecutive measurement periods (mm\/year) for males and females were analysed. Age\u2010related average facial features are presented in radar charts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At the beginning of the observation period, males exhibited a longer lower face, and the difference in face length increased by 7.6\u2009mm. At age 11, nose lengths were nearly identical between sexes; however, by age 12, a marked divergence in growth emerged, leading to longer noses in males. Between the ages of 10 and 17, the upper lip in males grew at approximately twice the rate observed in females. The first growth peak for the lower face in males corresponded to that of females at age 11.5, later males had two more peaks at ages 14 and 17.5.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The lower, middle, and upper faces exhibited distinct growth patterns. Although sexual dimorphism was evident before age 10, it became more pronounced and increased during the observation period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.70107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T11:09:17Z","timestamp":1772968157000},"page":"649-658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Vertical Growth of Facial Soft Tissues: A Longitudinal Three\u2010Dimensional Facial Growth Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6580-3467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Signe","family":"Silinevica","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Stomatology Riga Stradins University  Riga Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0173-5410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Nassereldine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Buffalo  Buffalo USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0509-1709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gundega","family":"Jakobsone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Stomatology Riga Stradins University  Riga Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2620-4859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinjun","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Buffalo  Buffalo USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1043\/00033219(1985)055<0017:PSICBA>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0889\u20105406(88)90287\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330770307"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1043\/0003\u20103219(1990)060<0177:GCITST>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0889\u20105406(96)70172\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24520"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002\u20109416(59)90074\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2015.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.01.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjr106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjw008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjz080"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293\u2010016\u20100076\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13866"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12096"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.231438"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588\u2010018\u20100057\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010018\u201022752\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212618"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010022\u201026376\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0889\u20105406(99)70220\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2021.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","volume-title":"Anthropometry of the Head and Face","author":"Farkas L. 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