{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:30:37Z","timestamp":1792672237183,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This systematic review aimed to collect and appraise the clinical outcomes of all orthopaedic, orthodontic and surgical interventions in ACH patients. Following PROSPERO protocol, multiple database sources were searched to December 2024 with no language restrictions for (i) genetically confirmed ACH; (ii) any orthodontic\/orthopaedic\/orthognathic treatment. Two reviewers independently screened, extracted data and applied Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tools. Results were synthesised to collect the evidence and provide available guidelines. Thirteen studies met the criteria (11 case reports, 2 case series) comprising 16 treated individuals (3\u201323 y.o). Five patients aged 10\u201316\u2009years achieved stable correction with orthopaedic treatment followed by fixed appliances, without extractions or surgery at \u2265\u200924\u2010month follow\u2010up. Eight post\u2010growth patients (&gt;\u200916\u2009years) required either extractions (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20094) or maxillofacial surgery (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095) to attain satisfactory occlusion; long\u2010term stability was documented in only two. Two preschool children underwent mid\u2010face distraction and were successfully decannulated. Risk\u2010of\u2010bias was generally moderate. Early orthopaedic\u2010orthodontic protocols (\u2264\u200916\u2009years) corrected transverse and sagittal discrepancies in ACH, whereas combined orthodontic\u2013surgical approaches were usually indispensable after growth completion. Future prospective are essential to strengthen the evidence base age\u2010stratified guidelines.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>PROSPERO registration number:<\/jats:bold>\n                    CRD42024582720\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.70108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T07:55:28Z","timestamp":1775462128000},"page":"593-610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Orthodontic and Maxillofacial Surgery Treatment in Achondroplasia for Orofacial Alterations: A Systematic Review and Preliminary Age\u2010Stratified Guidelines"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6209-9873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Farronato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences University of Milan  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6723-9177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Francesca","family":"Bedeschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Clinical Genetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9499-0556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Grippaudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca Martino","family":"Tartaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences University of Milan  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berardo","family":"Rinaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Clinical Genetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5930-1698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cinzia","family":"Maspero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences University of Milan  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico  Milan 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