{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T10:17:14Z","timestamp":1788517034622,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82371003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82371003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study sought to thoroughly assess the skeletal impacts of Class II elastics therapy on the developing mandible, highlighting three\u2010dimensional changes in its functional units.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Treatment records of 140 CBCT scans from 70 adolescent patients were retrospectively collected and assigned to one of two groups: the Class II elastics group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200935), in which class II elastics were performed on the stainless steel archwires for more than 12\u2009months, and the control group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200935). Pre\u2010 and post\u2010treatment cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were used to assess changes related to the skeletal facial pattern, functional units, and transverse parameters. An independent\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010test was used to compare between the two groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the Class II elastics group, the mandibular body unit length (IAF\u2010MF) increased by 3.09\u2009\u00b1\u20093.16\u2009mm from pre\u2010 to post\u2010treatment, significantly larger than that in the control group (1.37\u2009\u00b1\u20093.14\u2009mm). No other mandibular functional unit or transverse parameters demonstrated significant differences between the two groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on the single\u2010center sample included in this study, the adolescent group receiving prolonged Class II elastics may have exhibited a greater increase in mandibular body unit length compared to the group with minimal elastic use. However, these findings cannot be generalized without further validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.70127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T12:47:13Z","timestamp":1777034833000},"page":"848-855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Functional Unit\u2010Based Analysis Unveils the Skeletal Mandibular Effects of Class\n                    <scp>II<\/scp>\n                    Elastics Therapy in Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3392-4248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ehab A.","family":"Abdulghani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry Thamar University  Thamar City Yemen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7856-8091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3318-1381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abeer A.","family":"Al\u2010Sosowa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry Thamar University  Thamar Yemen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8445-6969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shijia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majedh Abdo Ali","family":"Al\u2010Somairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center of Orthodontic Disease  Shenyang People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dentistry Ibb University  Ibb Yemen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1402-0470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maged S.","family":"Alhammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry Jazan University  Jazan Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3594-192X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianru","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8578-7268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Prevalence of Malocclusion and Orthodontic Treatment Need in the United States: Estimates From the Nhanes Iii Survey","volume":"13","author":"Proffit W. 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