{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T10:17:14Z","timestamp":1788517034948,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Unilateral craniofacial microsomia (UCM) presents varying unilateral deficiencies of the temporomandibular joint, mandibular ramus, masticatory muscles, and adjacent soft tissues and ear. Reduced mandibular and maxillary dimensions may decrease upper airway volume and may increase the risk of sleep\u2010disordered breathing (SDB). This retrospective pilot study aimed to evaluate a novel three\u2010dimensional (3D) method for assessing nasal cavity (NC) and pharyngeal airway (PA) dimensions in growing patients with UCM compared with healthy controls, and to explore the potential associations between airway dimensions and SDB risk using the pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This retrospective case\u2013control pilot study analysed Cone\u2010beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans from 11 patients with UCM (mean age 12.7\u2009\u00b1\u20094.4\u2009years) and 11 age\u2010matched controls (mean age 12.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1\u2009years). Two calibrated investigators performed airway measurements, including total and partial NC and PA volumes, minimal cross\u2010sectional area (MCS), and hydraulic diameter. SDB risk in the UCM group was assessed using PSQ scores. Reliability was evaluated with intra\u2010class correlation coefficients and Dahlberg's formula. Group differences were tested using unpaired\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010tests.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients with UCM showed significantly smaller NC volume (9714.9\u2009\u00b1\u20093032\u2009mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) than controls (12773.9\u2009\u00b1\u20091963\u2009mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      ;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). PA volume and MCS did not differ significantly. Four of the eleven patients with UCM showed a high PSQ\u2010based risk of SDB and tended to have smaller airway dimensions. Measurement reliability was acceptable.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CBCT\u2010based 3D assessment of upper airway morphology was feasible in patients with UCM. Patients with UCM demonstrated significantly reduced nasal cavity volume compared with controls. Exploratory analysis suggested that some patients may be at increased risk of SDB; however, these findings require confirmation in larger studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.70130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T18:20:21Z","timestamp":1778782821000},"page":"926-936","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Three\u2010Dimensional Assessment of Upper Airway Morphology and Sleep\u2010Disordered Breathing Risk in Unilateral Craniofacial Microsomia: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2841-4235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akila","family":"Aiyar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Orthodontics Aarhus University  Aarhus 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