{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T06:25:29Z","timestamp":1783059929303,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To map and critically synthesize the methodological approaches used for the CBCT\u2010based evaluation of maxillary and mandibular impacted canines (ICs), with emphasis on imaging protocols, anatomical variables, and diagnostic frameworks. This scoping review followed PRISMA\u2010ScR guidelines. A three\u2010step search strategy was applied across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, LIVIVO, Cochrane Library, LILACS, and Google Scholar, using MeSH terms and free\u2010text keywords related to ICs and CBCT. Data on sample characteristics, CBCT acquisition parameters, anatomical assessment criteria, classification systems, segmentation software, and examiner calibration were extracted and synthesized narratively. Forty\u2010nine observational studies met the inclusion criteria. Substantial heterogeneity was observed in CBCT equipment, voxel size, field of view, exposure settings, image orientation, segmentation tools, and calibration procedures. Most studies evaluated maxillary canines, whereas mandibular impactions were rarely assessed (6.12%). The most frequently analysed characteristics were the impacted canine's position within the alveolar bone, its involvement in adjacent tooth resorption, and its spatial relationship to surrounding teeth. Major methodological gaps were identified in CBCT acquisition protocols, image orientation, examiner reliability, classification systems, and the assessment of follicular and impacted canine morphology, volume, shape, and anatomical relationships to adjacent structures widely used classification systems, particularly Ericson\u2013Kurol, showed variable adaptations and limited standardization. Most studies evaluated maxillary canines, focusing on bucco\u2010palatal position, root resorption, and the Ericson and Kurol classification, although CBCT methodologies were inconsistently reported. Standardized acquisition, orientation, and measurement protocols may improve diagnostic consistency and support more reliable orthodontic treatment planning and clinical decision\u2010making for impacted canines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.70154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T06:11:51Z","timestamp":1783059111000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Methodological Design for Three\u2010Dimensional Assessment of Maxillary and Mandibular Impacted Canines by Cone\u2010Beam Computed Tomography: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9978-0542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcela","family":"Gurgel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Clinic School of Dentistry, Federal University of Cear\u00e1  Fortaleza Cear\u00e1 Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry, University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina","family":"Saraiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Clinic School of Dentistry, Federal University of Cear\u00e1  Fortaleza Cear\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda Barbosa","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Clinic School of Dentistry, Federal University of Cear\u00e1  Fortaleza Cear\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco Samuel Rodrigues","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Clinic, School of Dentistry Federal University of Cear\u00e1  Sobral Cear\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4182-1881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo Frederico Eduardo","family":"Maferano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Clinic School of Dentistry, Federal University of Cear\u00e1  Fortaleza Cear\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aron Aliaga\u2010Del","family":"Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry, University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Ernesto","family":"Arriola\u2010Guill\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics and Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology School of Dentistry, Universidad Cient\u00edfica del Sur  Lima Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cauby Maia Chaves","family":"Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Clinic School of Dentistry, Federal University of Cear\u00e1  Fortaleza Cear\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Cevidanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio Wildson Gurgel","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Clinic School of Dentistry, Federal University of Cear\u00e1  Fortaleza Cear\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"384","article-title":"Correla\u00e7\u00e3o Entre Radiografia panor\u00e2mica e Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe c\u00f4nico Na avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de Caninos Superiores Impactados","volume":"88","author":"Ngo C. T. T.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Angle Orthodontist"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"220","article-title":"Fatores Preditivos Associados \u00e0 reabsor\u00e7\u00e3o Radicular de Dentes Adjacentes a Caninos Impactados Palatinamente Na popula\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e1rabe: Uma an\u00e1lise Por Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe c\u00f4nico","volume":"22","author":"Al\u2010Kyssi H. A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"504","article-title":"Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o das dimens\u00f5es e Do Volume Do Seio Maxilar Utilizando Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe c\u00f4nico Em Pacientes Com Caninos Maxilares Palatinos e Vestibulares Deslocados Unilateralmente","volume":"39","author":"Alhaija E. S. 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