{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T18:51:52Z","timestamp":1791139912629,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791072000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005648","name":"American Association of Orthodontists Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022 Orthodontic Faculty Development Fellowship Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022 Orthodontic Faculty Development Fellowship Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005648","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate jaw dimensions, skeletal maturation, and salivary hormonal and adipokine levels in adolescents with normal and increased body mass index (BMI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting and Sample Population<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This cross\u2010sectional study included 50 adolescents (mean age 13.54\u2009\u00b1\u20091.39\u2009years), categorized into normal (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200926) or increased BMI (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200924) groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pre\u2010treatment lateral cephalograms were analysed for effective maxillary (Co\u2010A) and mandibular (Co\u2010Gn) lengths, and skeletal maturation was assessed via the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) index. The skeletal maturity index (SMI) was evaluated on hand\u2010wrist radiographs. Unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) samples were analysed using multiplex immunoassays for growth hormone, IGF\u20101, cortisol, estradiol, testosterone, adiponectin, and resistin. Group comparisons used parametric or non\u2010parametric tests with false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Spearman correlations and multivariable regression models, adjusted for age, sex, and race, were computed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Adolescents with increased BMI had significantly greater effective mandibular length (Co\u2010Gn; mean difference: 8.13\u2009mm; FDR\u2010adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.045). Effective maxillary length showed a similar trend (Co\u2010A; FDR\u2010adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.067). No significant differences were observed in vertical, dental, or soft tissue variables, CVM, or SMI. Salivary cortisol was lower (FDR\u2010adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003) and resistin was higher (FDR\u2010adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.024) in the increased BMI group. In regression models, UWS adiponectin remained an independent negative predictor of Co\u2010A and Co\u2010Gn (both\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005) after adjusting for covariates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increased BMI was associated with greater mandibular length in pre\u2010treatment orthodontic adolescents. Salivary adiponectin was negatively associated with jaw dimensions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      identifier: NCT07217756\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.70191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T18:06:03Z","timestamp":1791137163000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Jaw Dimensions, Skeletal Maturation, and Salivary Hormones in Adolescents With Normal and Increased Body Mass Index: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5356-4406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Michelogiannakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health University of Rochester  Rochester New York USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Kassem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health University of Rochester  Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Mendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health University of Rochester  Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atoosa","family":"Pahlavani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health University of Rochester  Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul Basir","family":"Barmak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester  Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apostolos","family":"Tsolakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry National and Kapodistrian University of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evangelos","family":"Menenakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5th Department of Surgery, Evgenidion Hospital, Faculty of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2518-2766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul Emile","family":"Rossouw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health University of Rochester  Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2005.04.005","article-title":"The Cervical Vertebral Maturation (CVM) Method for the Assessment of Optimal Treatment Timing in Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":"11","author":"Baccetti T.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Seminars in Orthodontics"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","first-page":"88","article-title":"Radiographic Evaluation of Skeletal Maturation. 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