{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:50:36Z","timestamp":1791355836457,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002868","name":"Chosun University Dental Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002868","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n Maxillary molar distalization is widely used for space gain and anterior retraction. However, gingival recession may occur around the maxillary second molar following distalization, and the tooth movement factors associated with changes in clinical crown length (CCL) remain unclear. This study investigated the associations of CCL changes with three\u2010dimensional movement of the maxillary second molar and the position of the maxillary third molar.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n This retrospective study included 58 maxillary second molars from 30 adult patients who underwent skeletal anchorage\u2010assisted maxillary total arch distalization. CCL changes and three\u2010dimensional tooth movements were evaluated using CBCT and digital intraoral scans obtained before and after treatment. Linear mixed\u2010effects models were used to evaluate the associations between CCL changes and second molar movement. Gingival margin displacement was additionally analysed in relation to second molar vertical displacement. In patients with a third molar (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200938), the associations between CCL changes and the three\u2010dimensional position of the third molar were evaluated. Third molar status was also evaluated by classifying third molars as missing, impacted, or erupted.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The mean CCL change was 0.36\u2009\u00b1\u20090.70\u2009mm. Greater second molar intrusion was significantly associated with decreased CCL (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009\u22120.108,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.020), whereas distal and transverse movements were not significantly associated with CCL change. With greater second molar intrusion, the gingival margin also moved in the direction of intrusion, but significantly less than the tooth itself (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.793,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.002). In the third\u2010molar subgroup, greater second molar intrusion remained significantly associated with decreased CCL (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009\u22120.111,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.022), whereas a more buccally positioned third molar was associated with increased CCL (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.132,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.016). Third molar status and third molar angulation were not significantly associated with CCL change.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n CCL changes during maxillary molar distalization were associated with second molar intrusion and the buccolingual position of the third molar. Greater second molar intrusion was associated with decreased CCL, whereas a more buccally positioned third molar was associated with increased CCL. These findings suggest that vertical movement of the second molar and the three\u2010dimensional position of the third molar should be considered when planning maxillary molar distalization.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.70194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:01:10Z","timestamp":1791352870000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical Crown Length Changes Following Maxillary Molar Distalization: The Role of Three\u2010Dimensional Tooth Movement and Third Molar Position"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3595-7333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chae\u2010Won","family":"Yun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry Chosun University Gwangju Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8663-5941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seorin","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry Chosun University Gwangju Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4528-8514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung\u2010Hoon","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry Chosun University Gwangju Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0801-1663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sun\u2010Kyoung","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Anatomy, College of Dentistry Chosun University Gwangju Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3134-6878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Hyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Orthodontic Program, Arizona School of Dentistry & Oral Health A.T. Still University Mesa Arizona USA"},{"name":"Graduate School of Dentistry Kyung Hee University Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.2319\/101507-406.1","article-title":"Maxillary Molar Distalization With Noncompliance Intramaxillary Appliances in Class II Malocclusion","volume":"78","author":"Antonarakis G. S.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Angle Orthodontist"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.25259\/APOS_78_2023","article-title":"Multidisciplinary Orthodontic\u2010Orthognathic Management of Severe Skeletal Class III Malocclusion and Anterior Open Bite","volume":"15","author":"Son T. 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