{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T03:05:44Z","timestamp":1791169544717,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,18]],"date-time":"2012-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1347926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Periodontal diseases are a class of pathologies wherein oral microbes induce harmful immune responses in a susceptible host. Therefore, an agent that can both reduce microbial burden and lessen pathogenesis of localized inflammation would have beneficial effects in periodontal disease; 2,4,4\u2010trichloro\u20102\u2010hydroxydiphenyl\u2010ether [triclosan] is currently used in oral care products owing to broad spectrum antimicrobial and anti\u2010inflammatory properties.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine effects of triclosan on the response of oral epithelial cells to stimulation with the inflammatory microbial product lipopolysaccharide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPS<\/jats:styled-content>), a ligand for toll\u2010like receptor 4 [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>4].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials\/Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary human oral epithelial cells were stimulated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPS<\/jats:styled-content> in the presence and\/or absence of triclosan after which expression of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines, \u03b2\u2010defensins, micro\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s [mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s], or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010signaling pathway proteins were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here, we demonstrate that triclosan is a potent inhibitor of oral epithelial cell <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced pro\u2010inflammatory responses by inducing mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> regulation of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010signaling pathway. Triclosan was not a pan\u2010suppresser of oral epithelial cell responses as \u03b2\u2010defensin 2 [\u03b2D2] and \u03b2D3 were upregulated by triclosan following <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010stimulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These data demonstrate both a novel antimicrobial mechanism by which triclosan improves plaque control and an additional anti\u2010inflammatory property, which could have beneficial effects in periodontal disease resolution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,28]],"date-time":"2012-07-28T10:13:49Z","timestamp":1343470429000},"page":"296-302","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Triclosan alters antimicrobial and inflammatory responses of epithelial 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