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Current antiretroviral agents fall mainly into three major classes: nucleoside reverse\u2010transcriptase inhibitors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NRTI<\/jats:styled-content>s), non\u2010nucleoside reverse\u2010transcriptase inhibitors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NNRTI<\/jats:styled-content>s) and protease inhibitors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content>s) \u2013 now with the new classes of fusion inhibitors, entry inhibitors \u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCR<\/jats:styled-content>5 co\u2010receptor antagonists and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> integrase strand transfer inhibitors. Many of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content> agents can have adverse orofacial effects, or can give rise to allergies or drug interactions \u2013 the optimum anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> drug has yet to be found. There are few orofacial adverse effects that characterize a particular <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content> class, but erythema multiforme (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EM<\/jats:styled-content>), ulcers and xerostomia may be associated with reverse\u2010transcriptase inhibitors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RTI<\/jats:styled-content>); parotid lipomatosis, taste disturbance, xerostomia and perioral paraesthesia mainly related to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content>s. Facial lipoatrophy is a common adverse effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NRTI<\/jats:styled-content>s; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EM<\/jats:styled-content> is more frequently associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NNRTI<\/jats:styled-content>s. Thus, although most of the more recent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content> drugs and combinations of them show improved safety profiles, some may give rise to orofacial adverse effects, and may affect oral health care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,6]],"date-time":"2013-03-06T05:52:11Z","timestamp":1362549131000},"page":"136-145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Antiretroviral therapy: effects on orofacial health and health care"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"P","family":"Diz Dios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Odontolog\u00eda M\u00e9dico\u2010Quir\u00fargica (OMEQUI) School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Santiago de Compostela La Coru\u00f1a Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Scully","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Aptivus 2008 Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Ingelheim Germany"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(02)00062-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1H036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199814000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199902040-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02854-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/10-095"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"Celsentri 2012 ViiV Healthcare UK Brentford Middlesex UK"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/338811"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2008.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","article-title":"Surgical management of bilateral parotid lipomatosis in a patient with HIV","author":"Cunningham AL","year":"2012","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199512073332303"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.1.4.307"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)92330-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"Edurant 2011 Tibotec Therapeutics Titusville NJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.1993.7.304"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1130-6343(05)73699-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(93)90013-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623308327119"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.76.4.323-b"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18095","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.15.6.18095","article-title":"Are we constructing the best treatment regimens for all patients with HIV infection?","volume":"15","author":"Friday D","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(04)90032-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in patients with HIV infection. 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