{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T14:13:02Z","timestamp":1781187182274,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,10]],"date-time":"2013-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed at evaluating from a morphological point of view the effects of alendronate (ALN), a widely used nitrogen\u2010containing bisphosphonate for the chronic treatment of osteoporosis, on the oral epithelium of healthy keratinized human oral mucosa. Bisphosphonate\u2010related osteonecrosis of the jaw is a well\u2010known severe consequence, but the effects during chronic therapy on the oral soft tissues are still matter of debate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six women over 60\u00a0year\u2010old undergoing treatment of osteoporosis with 70\u00a0mg per week of oral ALN (lasting at least 2\u00a0years) were recruited and compared with a gender and age\u2010matched group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06). Proliferation, apoptosis, intercellular adhesion and terminal differentiation (TD) were investigated by immunofluorescence. In parallel, ultrastructural analysis was carried out.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>By immunofluorescence, a statistically significant decrease in keratinocyte proliferation was detected in the oral epithelium of the ALN group without any sign of apoptosis, but accompanied by a reduction in desmoglein 1 and keratin 10 expressions. In the uppermost layers of the oral epithelium of the ALN group, thin desmosomes were visible by transmission electron microscopy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results show that epithelial adhesion, TD and proliferation are affected by ALN therapeutic doses in clinically healthy human oral mucosa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,25]],"date-time":"2013-06-25T07:28:45Z","timestamp":1372145325000},"page":"466-472","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Alendronate impairs epithelial adhesion, differentiation and proliferation in human oral mucosa"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"E","family":"Donetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Gualerzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Sardella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Lodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Carrassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Sforza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1960.0152"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2332"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.2003.00366.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2007.12.225"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"487","volume-title":"Bisphosphonates in the treatment of osteoporosis","author":"Diab 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