{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T04:45:27Z","timestamp":1790484327342,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,23]],"date-time":"2013-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1379894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gingival epithelium plays a key role in the protection of oral tissues from microbial challenge, especially during the periodontal disease. This study was aimed to evaluate levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> transcripts of different forms of transglutaminase in the human gingival tissues from patients with chronic periodontitis and relative controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study included 22 patients with chronic periodontitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content>) and 22 healthy controls. For each patient, the values of probing depth (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>), clinical attachment level (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAL<\/jats:styled-content>), and bleeding on probing (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BOP<\/jats:styled-content>) were recorded. Gene expression of transglutaminase 1, transglutaminase 2, transglutaminase 3, and metalloprotease 2 was evaluated by real\u2010time <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>, while that of Factor <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XIIIA<\/jats:styled-content> and metalloprotease 9 by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The values of all the clinical parameters were significantly higher in the CP group than in the healthy control group (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.05). In the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content> group, the m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression of transglutaminase 1 and transglutaminase 3 was significantly decreased in comparison with healthy control group. A slight nonsignificant changes of transglutaminase 2 gene expression were observed in samples from CP patients in comparison with controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These observations suggest that transglutaminase gene expression may be modified in response to chronic injury in the damaged gingival and emphasizes the key role of these enzymes in gingival remodelling\/healing and adaptive processes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,27]],"date-time":"2013-08-27T08:15:22Z","timestamp":1377591322000},"page":"616-623","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Differential expression of transglutaminase genes in patients with chronic periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Curr\u00f2","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging AOU Policlinico \u201cG. Martino\u201d University of Messina Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Matarese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Specialist Medical\u2010Surgical Experimental Sciences and Odontostomatology AOU Policlinico \u201cG. Martino\u201d University of Messina Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Isola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Specialist Medical\u2010Surgical Experimental Sciences and Odontostomatology AOU Policlinico \u201cG. Martino\u201d University of Messina Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Caccamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging AOU Policlinico \u201cG. 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