{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T14:25:53Z","timestamp":1768314353887,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,7]],"date-time":"2014-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The parasympathetic transmitters vasoactive intestinal peptide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VIP<\/jats:styled-content>) and substance P (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SP<\/jats:styled-content>) are secretagogues in salivary glands of animals. Currently, we hypothesise that in human salivary glands, these neuropeptides and the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VIP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related peptide histidine methionine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PHM<\/jats:styled-content>) also exert secretory actions, reflected morphologically by exocytosis of acinar protein\/glycoprotein\u2010storing granules.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Submandibular and parotid gland tissues, exposed <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VIP<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PHM<\/jats:styled-content>, and SP, respectively, were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. For comparison, the response to <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> stimulation of isoproterenol, phenylephrine and carbachol was examined. Moreover, the peptidergic innervation of the glands was examined by immunohistochemistry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vasoactive intestinal peptide\u2010 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PHM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010immunoreactive nerves were in close proximity to acini and ducts in the two glands, while these elements lacked a SP\u2010positive innervation. While no morphological changes occurred in response to SP (parotid glands), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VIP<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PHM<\/jats:styled-content> administration (submandibular glands) caused conspicuous acinar degranulation accompanied by luminal space broadening. In the two glands, both <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010 and <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010adrenergic receptor stimulation and muscarinic receptor stimulation caused similar changes as to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VIP<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PHM<\/jats:styled-content>, although to varying extent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vasoactive intestinal peptide and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PHM<\/jats:styled-content>, but not SP, are likely transmitters in the parasympathetic control of salivary (protein) secretion in humans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,12]],"date-time":"2014-04-12T05:27:04Z","timestamp":1397280424000},"page":"216-223","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Effect of the neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide, 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