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However, the apparent benignity may be illusory as some viral infections have unexpected consequences \u2013 such as the oncogenicity of some herpesviruses and human papillomaviruses. Infections are transmitted from various human or animal vectors, especially by close proximity, and the increasing movements of peoples across the globe, mean that infections hitherto confined largely to the tropics now appear worldwide. Global warming also increases the range of movement of vectors such as mosquitoes. Thus recent decades have seen a most dramatic change with the emergence globally also of new viral infections \u2013 notably human immunodeficiency viruses (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>) \u2013 and the appearance of some other dangerous and sometimes lethal infections formerly seen mainly in, and reported from, resource\u2010poor areas especially in parts of Asia, Latin America and Africa. This study offers a brief update of the most salient new aspects of the important viral infections, especially those with known orofacial manifestations or other implications for oral health care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]],"date-time":"2015-07-14T15:03:06Z","timestamp":1436886186000},"page":"171-179","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Emerging and changing viral diseases in the new millennium"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"C","family":"Scully","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Health\u2010General Health London"},{"name":"UCL London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"LP","family":"Samaranayake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Microbiomics and Infection School of Dentistry University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0912217"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2012.01953.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.60356"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir732"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-9957-3-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","volume-title":"Standard infection control precautions","author":"Booty F","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)71019-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60281-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201412-2272ED"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.08.002","article-title":"Update on emerging infections: news from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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