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Among these modifications, histone methylation had long been associated with permanent gene inactivation until the discovery of Lys\u2010specific demethylase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LSD<\/jats:styled-content>1), which is responsible for dynamic gene regulation. There are more than 30 members of the Lys demethylase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KDM<\/jats:styled-content>) family, and with exception of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LSD<\/jats:styled-content>1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LSD<\/jats:styled-content>2, all other <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KDM<\/jats:styled-content>s possess the Jumonji C (JmjC) domain exhibiting demethylase activity and require unique cofactors, for example, Fe(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>) and \u03b1\u2010ketoglutarate. These cofactors have been targeted when devising <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KDM<\/jats:styled-content> inhibitors, which may yield therapeutic benefit. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KDM<\/jats:styled-content>s and their counterpart Lys methyltransferases (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KMT<\/jats:styled-content>s) regulate multiple biological processes, including oncogenesis and inflammation. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KDM<\/jats:styled-content>s\u2019 functional interactions with retinoblastoma (Rb) and E2 factor (E2F) target promoters illustrate their regulatory role in cell cycle progression and oncogenesis. Recent findings also demonstrate the control of inflammation and immune functions by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KDM<\/jats:styled-content>s, such as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KDM<\/jats:styled-content>6B that regulates the pro\u2010inflammatory gene expression and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T helper (Th) cell lineage determination. This review will highlight the mechanisms by which <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KDM<\/jats:styled-content>s and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KMT<\/jats:styled-content>s regulate the target gene expression and how epigenetic mechanisms may be applied to our understanding of oral inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,11]],"date-time":"2016-08-11T14:00:43Z","timestamp":1470924043000},"page":"709-720","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Epigenetic gene regulation by histone demethylases: emerging role in oncogenesis and inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"MK","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shapiro Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Mehrazarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shapiro 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