{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T10:55:28Z","timestamp":1791888928639,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,3]],"date-time":"2017-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This narrative review focuses on the rationale and role of conventional and newer therapies in the management of oral lichen planus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content>) with emphasis on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reported over two decades.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Literature search was conducted to identify <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCT<\/jats:styled-content>s for the management of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content> from 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2015; Medline and Cochrane databases complemented with manual search were used. Primary outcome as resolution of pain was evaluated with the analysis of clinical resolution of erythema and ulceration as secondary outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The search provided 260 abstracts, of which 70 full\u2010text articles were included. Majority of trials used topical steroids with very few trials on newer therapies. It was found that topical steroids are effective for symptomatic management of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content> with equal efficacy shown by topical calcineurin inhibitors and retinoids. However, the side effect of transient burning sensation with relapse was more with calcineurin inhibitors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the newer therapies offer advantage over steroids for the management of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content> in recalcitrant cases, extensive lesions, and cases unresponsive to steroids, but sufficient clinical data on their use are still lacking. Hence, more <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCT<\/jats:styled-content>s with large sample size, adequate treatment duration, and long\u2010term follow\u2010up are required for clinical utility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,5]],"date-time":"2017-01-05T14:32:57Z","timestamp":1483626777000},"page":"1029-1042","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Interventions for the management of oral lichen planus: a review of the conventional and novel therapies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8176-5811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine &amp; Radiology Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine &amp; Radiology Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine &amp; Radiology Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2919"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2012.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Comparison of two corticosteroid mouthwashes in treatment of symptomatic oral lichen planus","volume":"13","author":"Ahadian H","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Dent Shiraz Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.152166"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15171\/joddd.2015.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12128"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-1352"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-962X.151692"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2007.00482.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"The comparison of efficacy of adcortyl ointment and topical tacrolimus in treatment of erosive oral lichen planus","volume":"1","author":"Azizi A","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Efficacy of Elaeagnus angustifolia topical gel in the treatment of symptomatic oral lichen planus","volume":"4","author":"Beigom Taheri J","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-237X.169837"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(97)90085-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(00)80012-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2004.05943.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.1999.tb00063.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0714.2003.00173.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2008.00688.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2007.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08370.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2010.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06920.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2007.01191.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Comparison of the effect of combination of triamcinolone acetonide and vitamin a mouthwash with triamcinolone mouthwash alone on oral lichen planus","volume":"4","author":"Dalirsani Z","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.19.6.068002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2015.072"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2011.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.15.e827"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.06.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(05)80195-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","first-page":"310","article-title":"A single\u2010center, open\u2010label, prospective pilot study of subcutaneous efalizumab for oral erosive lichen planus","volume":"6","author":"Heffernan MP","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.120922"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxg101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2010.2876"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-014-1694-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","first-page":"171","article-title":"Efficacy of clobetasol, Ketoconazole, and amitryptiline mouthwash on oral lichen planus","volume":"7","author":"Javadzadeha A","year":"2008","journal-title":"Iran J Pharm Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","first-page":"386","article-title":"Evaluation of efficacy of a bioresorbable membrane in the treatment of oral lichen planus","volume":"11","author":"Kapoor A","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dent Res J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2015.27.5.485"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","first-page":"789","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of topical curcumin and triamcinolone for oral lichen planus: a randomized, controlled clinical trial","volume":"12","author":"Kia SJ","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10015-1091"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","first-page":"390","article-title":"Systemic therapy of psoriasis: methotrexate","volume":"112","author":"Kozub P","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bratisl Lek Listy"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0070"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599812473237"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2013.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.07883.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Cyclosporine A, an alternative to the oral lichen planus erosive treatment","volume":"38","author":"Lopez Lopez J","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bull Group Int Rech Sci Stomatol Odontol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(05)80255-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(05)80094-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e3182171164"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03923.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-64402009000300011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.homp.2008.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0714.2001.300502.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2008.00739.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","first-page":"526","article-title":"Biologics in oral medicine: ulcerative disorders","volume":"18","author":"O'Neill I","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"The effect of pimecrolimus cream 1% compared with triamcinolone acetonide paste in treatment of atrophic\u2010erosive oral lichen planus","volume":"27","author":"Pakfetrat A","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.143.4.472"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-0825.2002.02833.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-007-0117-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2007.07.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","first-page":"793","article-title":"Randomized trial of aloe vera gel vs triamcinolone acetonide ointment in the treatment of oral lichen planus","volume":"43","author":"Reddy RL","year":"2012","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2010.00946.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.93448"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2010.00947.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"Effect of cedar honey in the treatment of oral lichen planus","volume":"26","author":"Sanatkhani M","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.1998.tb00289.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil: a new therapeutic option in dermatology","volume":"17","author":"Shehzad A","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pak Assoc Derma"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2012.05459.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.4.627"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.50.377"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0714.2003.00130.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2007.00510.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.143.4.511"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/62.5.485"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2014.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","first-page":"378","article-title":"Azathioprine for the treatment of severe erosive oral & generalised lichen planus","volume":"181","author":"Verma KK","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08726.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.10882.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2010.03.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2006.00441.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2009.00796.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2005.09.006"}],"container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fodi.12634","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/odi.12634","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T11:00:01Z","timestamp":1695553201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/odi.12634"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,3]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/odi.12634"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/odi.12634","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1354-523X","1601-0825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1354-523X","type":"print"},{"value":"1601-0825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,3]]}}}