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For within\u2010case comparison, a paired Student's<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>test was performed. For comparisons between classes, an unpaired<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>test was used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Image processing enabled rapid measurement of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MFD<\/jats:styled-content>with majority of fibers showing diameter between 6 and 11\u00a0\u03bcm. There was no significant difference in mean<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MFD<\/jats:styled-content>between the medial and lateral sides, or between<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CL<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLP<\/jats:styled-content>. However, we found a significant difference on the medial side (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.032) between males and females.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The image processing on<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FFPE<\/jats:styled-content>tissues resulted in easy quantification of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MFD<\/jats:styled-content>with finding of a smaller<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MFD<\/jats:styled-content>on the medial side in males suggesting possible differences in orbicularis oris (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OO<\/jats:styled-content>) muscle between the two sexes in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CL<\/jats:styled-content>that warrants replication using larger number of cases. Moreover, this finding can aid subclinical phenotyping and potentially in the restoration of the anatomy and function of the upper lip.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,4]],"date-time":"2017-10-04T10:19:15Z","timestamp":1507112355000},"page":"476-481","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Muscle fiber diameter assessment in cleft lip using image processing"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4365-2749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"MFJ","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences Section of Medical Biochemistry Molecular Biology and Genetics University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Abelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Section of Biology and Evolution University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PA","family":"Mossey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Craniofacial Development at the World Health Organization\u2013collaborating Centre for Oral and Craniofacial Research Dental Hospital and School University of Dundee Dundee Scotland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Autelitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Centre for Orofacial Clefts and Craniofacial Anomalies Department of Cranio\u2010Maxillo\u2010Facial Surgery San Paolo Hospital University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TC","family":"Nag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1448-9516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M","family":"Rubini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences Section of Medical Biochemistry Molecular Biology and Genetics University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12131"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"542078","article-title":"Anatomical variations in clefts of the lip with or without cleft palate","author":"Carroll K.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plast Surg Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(03)00133-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.149930"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-196842010-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","unstructured":"Ferreira T. 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