{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T06:43:20Z","timestamp":1793947400881,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,25]],"date-time":"2018-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature to determine: (a) the malignant transformation rate (TR) of oral lichen planus (OLP) and its risk factors; (b) whether or not oral lichenoid lesions (OLL) have a different malignant TR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were used as search engines: only observational, full\u2010length, English language studies were investigated. PRISMA protocol was used to evaluate and present results. PROSPERO registration code is CRD42016048529.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 7,429 records screened, only 21 were included in this review. Ninety\u2010two of 6,559 patients developed oral squamous cell carcinoma, with an overall TR of 1.40% (1.37% for OLP and 2.43% for OLL), an annual TR of 0.20%. Female gender, red clinical forms, and tongue site seem to slightly increase the transformation risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review confirms that both OLP and OLL, the latter with a slightly higher TR, may be considered potentially malignant disorders and suggest that erosive type, female gender and tongue site should be considered as risk factors for OLP transformation. Major efforts should be done to establish strict clinical and histological criteria to diagnose OLP and to perform sounder methodological observational studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,8]],"date-time":"2018-05-08T09:55:03Z","timestamp":1525773303000},"page":"693-709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":262,"title":["Rate of malignant transformation of oral lichen planus: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7661-0820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Giuliani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Foggia  Foggia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5647-4414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Troiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Foggia  Foggia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Cordaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry Catholic University of the Sacred Heart  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Corsalini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM) University of Bari  Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gioele","family":"Gioco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry Catholic University of the Sacred Heart  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4633-4893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Lo Muzio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Foggia  Foggia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Pignatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences University of Chieti\u2010Pescara  Chieti Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Lajolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry Catholic University of the Sacred Heart  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2011.03.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2017.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1206923"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12382"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2014.11.008"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"p53 expression in oral lichenoid lesions and oral lichen planus","volume":"63","author":"Arreaza A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"General Dentistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"154","article-title":"Oral lichen planus: A clinical study","volume":"20","author":"Bajaj D.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2012.734407"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1993.tb00134.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg948"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2010.00894.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12681"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2011.04.009"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"261","article-title":"Oral lichen planus and malignant transformation: A retrospective follow\u2010up study of clinical and histopathologic data","volume":"37","author":"Bornstein M.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Quintessence International"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1993.tb00046.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"773","article-title":"The frequency and malignant transformation rate of oral lichen planus and leukoplakia \u2013 A retrospective study","volume":"36","author":"Brzak B.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Collegium Antropologicum"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.18940"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2009.01516.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-014-0469-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2001.0302"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2016.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21293"},{"issue":"2873","key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mutational landscape of gingivo\u2010buccal oral squamous cell carcinoma reveals new recurrently\u2010mutated genes and molecular subgroups","volume":"4","author":"Consortium India Project Team of the International Cancer Genome","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.120452"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.2013.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.20832"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/759626"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e32821f6134"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12480"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/742826"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.18356"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc798"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2005.01221.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-029X.190911"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31820fe1f0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910608501201"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-011-0318-3"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","first-page":"435","article-title":"Incidence and treatment outcome of oral lichen planus in southeast Serbia in a 10\u2010year period (1997\u20132007)","volume":"66","author":"Kesi\u0107 L.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vonjnosanitetski Pregled"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9785(73)80012-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/8.10.1543"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1978.tb01879.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(85)90315-9"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1080\/00015550510036676","article-title":"Premalignant nature of oral lichen planus","volume":"85","author":"Laeijendecker R.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Dermato\u2010Venereologica"},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","article-title":"Oral lichen planus clinical characteristics in Italian patients: A retrospective analysis","volume":"12","author":"Lauritano D.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Head & Face Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.10821.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2004.06.076"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.07883.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21389"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12399"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2006.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(99)70033-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(03)00305-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0714.2003.00125.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2010.02.007"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","first-page":"449","article-title":"The GOCCLES\u00ae medical device is effective in detecting oral cancer and dysplasia in dental clinical setting. Results from a multicentre clinical trial","volume":"35","author":"Moro A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1986.tb00580.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/13.5.783"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","first-page":"315","article-title":"Oral Lichen Planus: A retrospective study of 420 Iranian patients","volume":"14","author":"Pakfetrat A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03946320110240S217"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.51784"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ejso.1999.0689"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-1511-94"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Malignant potential of the reticular form of oral lichen planus over a 25\u2010year observation period in 55 patients from Slovenia","volume":"44","author":"Rode M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Oral Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1368-8375(03)00134-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2010.00946.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2006.00420.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.17778"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(91)90007-Y"},{"issue":"86","key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","article-title":"Isolation and identification of Candida species in patients with orogastric cancer: Susceptibility to antifungal drugs, attributes of virulence in vitro and immune response phenotype","volume":"10","author":"Sousa L. V.","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2636"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2011.01792.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdn372"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-1626.2010.00005.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1988.tb01527.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pathol.1.110304.100224"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.15.e685"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15430\/JCP.2016.21.1.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1992.tb01020.x"},{"issue":"99","key":"e_1_2_7_81_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Malignant transformation in 5071 southern Taiwanese patients with potentially malignant oral mucosal disorders","volume":"19","author":"Wang Y.","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2007.00582.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2011.01054.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(78)90383-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2005.00341.x"}],"container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fodi.12885","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/odi.12885","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/odi.12885","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/odi.12885","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T22:00:06Z","timestamp":1694383206000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/odi.12885"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,25]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/odi.12885"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/odi.12885","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.733236482.793572587","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1354-523X","1601-0825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1354-523X","type":"print"},{"value":"1601-0825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-01-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-04-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-06-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}