{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T23:10:43Z","timestamp":1780096243048,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]],"date-time":"2018-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Cancer stem cell (CSC<\/jats:styled-content>) proteins have been observed in several lesions and are associated with tumor beginning, evolution, and resistance to treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objectives<\/jats:title>To investigate the presence of NANOG<\/jats:styled-content>, NESTIN<\/jats:styled-content>, and \u03b2\u2010tubulin in lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC<\/jats:styled-content>), actinic cheilitis (AC<\/jats:styled-content>), and normal epithelium (NE<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>Thirty cases of LSCC<\/jats:styled-content>, thirty cases of AC<\/jats:styled-content> (both analyzed according to the WHO<\/jats:styled-content> classification and AC<\/jats:styled-content> according to the binary classification), and twenty cases of NE<\/jats:styled-content> were submitted to an immunohistochemical study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>NANOG<\/jats:styled-content> was more expressed in the nuclei of AC<\/jats:styled-content> compared to NE<\/jats:styled-content> (p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.007), as well as in high\u2010risk AC<\/jats:styled-content> cases (p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.017) and well\u2010differentiated LSCC<\/jats:styled-content>s (no significance). There was an accumulation of nuclear NANOG<\/jats:styled-content> from mild to moderate and severe AC<\/jats:styled-content>s. NESTIN<\/jats:styled-content> was significantly less present in NE<\/jats:styled-content> compared to AC<\/jats:styled-content> (p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001) and LSCC<\/jats:styled-content> (p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003). There was a higher expression in severe dysplasia or high\u2010risk AC<\/jats:styled-content> and well\u2010differentiated LSCC<\/jats:styled-content>. These results indicate an upregulation of NANOG<\/jats:styled-content> and NESTIN<\/jats:styled-content> in the early stages of carcinogenesis. \u03b2\u2010tubulin was intensely present in all lesions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>The results suggest an upregulation of NANOG<\/jats:styled-content> and NESTIN<\/jats:styled-content> in the biological behavior these diseases, mainly in the transformation from AC<\/jats:styled-content> to LSCC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]],"date-time":"2018-05-15T09:39:33Z","timestamp":1526377173000},"page":"1209-1216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Expression of stem cell markers Nanog and Nestin in lip squamous cell carcinoma and actinic cheilitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Fernanda 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