{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T06:02:33Z","timestamp":1789624953977,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]],"date-time":"2018-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005790","name":"Thammasat University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2\/53\/2559"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2\/53\/2559"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005790","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A serious adverse effect of long\u2010term bisphosphonate (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) administration is bisphosphonate\u2010related osteonecrosis of the jaw (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BRONJ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ). Among different proposed pathogenesis, suppression of immune cells is gaining interest. Because monocytes\/macrophages could get access to\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      since residing in the blood and bone microenvironment, the aim of this study was to analyze the behaviors of macrophages after BP treatments in vitro.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">THP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u20101 cell, an established human monocytic cell model, was used in this study. The effects of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s, alendronate (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and zoledronic acid (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), on macrophage viability, differentiation, and function were investigated.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , morphological analysis, flow cytometry, quantitative\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , and gelatin zymography assay were performed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s impaired macrophage viability at almost all concentration tested (1\u2013100\u00a0\u03bcM). Cell morphology was altered in the presence of 100\u00a0\u03bcM\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s. Furthermore, differentiating macrophage viability was also affected by both\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      at 100 and 10\u2013100\u00a0\u03bcM, respectively. At high concentration (100\u00a0\u03bcM),\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      caused a reduction in cell differentiation. On the contrary,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      increased matrix metalloproteinase\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      expressions and activities at low doses (1\u201310\u00a0\u03bcM).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s directly acted on macrophage by reducing macrophage survival, inducing morphological alterations, impairing differentiation from monocytes to macrophages, and affecting macrophage function at both\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and activity levels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]],"date-time":"2018-06-05T04:59:42Z","timestamp":1528174782000},"page":"1294-1302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Alteration of macrophage viability, differentiation, and function by bisphosphonates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7537-577X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Somying","family":"Patntirapong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry Thammasat University  Pathumthani Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahatana","family":"Poolgesorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry 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