{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T11:11:35Z","timestamp":1792062695376,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]],"date-time":"2018-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007375","name":"Pr\u00f3-Reitoria de Pesquisa, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#05\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#05\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007375","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007375","name":"Pr\u00f3-Reitoria de Pesquisa, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PROBIC\u2010FAPEMIG #01\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PROBIC\u2010FAPEMIG #01\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007375","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate clinical, demographic, and histopathological characteristics of pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted over a 64\u2010year period. Information was collected from medical charts, and all archived histopathological specimens with diagnoses of any pigmented lesion were retrieved. Statistical analysis was performed using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPSS<\/jats:styled-content> software.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 34,127 archived specimens were reviewed, revealing 458 (1.34%) pigmented lesions, of which 230 were melanocytic and 228 nonmelanocytic. Most patients were females (74.2%), white\u2010skinned (49.1%), in the third and seventh decades of life (mean of 45\u00a0years). Most lesions were macular (59.8%), followed by plaques and nodules (4.8%), measuring 0\u20135\u00a0mm (41.9%). Cheek mucosa (21.0%), alveolar mucosa (16.6%), and gingiva (11.8%) were the most commonly affected sites. Amalgam tattoo was applied in 212 cases (46.3%), followed by melanotic macule (22.9%) and nevus (20.5%). Other diagnoses included racial pigmentation, exogenous pigmentation, melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy, melanoma, melanoacanthoma, smoker's melanosis, and heavy metal pigmentation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pigmented lesions represent an uncommon diagnosis in oral pathology routines. The most frequent entities are amalgam tattoo, melanotic macule, and nevus. Patients are usually middle\u2010aged women presenting a small, long\u2010lasting, macular lesion on the cheek mucosa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,26]],"date-time":"2018-06-26T21:30:35Z","timestamp":1530048635000},"page":"1484-1491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa: A cross\u2010sectional study of 458 histopathological specimens"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Thalita S.","family":"Tavares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery School of Dentistry Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela P.","family":"Meirelles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery School of Dentistry Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria C\u00e1ssia F.","family":"de Aguiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery School of Dentistry Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9179-0145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia C.","family":"Caldeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery School of Dentistry Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(80)90306-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1990.tb00825.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2004.00238.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(00)00148-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-160X-10-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2015.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.17679"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13133"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2004.07.013"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"682","article-title":"Pigmented lesions of the oral cavity: Review, differential diagnosis, and case presentations","volume":"70","author":"Kauzman A.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal\/Canadian Dental Association. Journal de l'Association Dentaire Canadienne"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2000.00143.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35096009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2007.07.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2010.01319.x"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"805","article-title":"Oral amalgam pigmentations (tattoos): A retrospective study","volume":"23","author":"Owens B. 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