{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:17:51Z","timestamp":1787015871721,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]],"date-time":"2018-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parkinson's disease (PD) patients suffer from xerostomia, but limited information exists regarding associations with dysphagia, drooling, daily habits, PD characteristics, or possible circadian rhythms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A questionnaire was administered, including (a) clinical characteristics (comorbidities, prescribed medications, levodopa equivalent daily dose [LEDD], disease duration); (b) self\u2010assessment of dysphagia, xerostomia, drooling (10\u2010cm visual analogue scale [VAS]); (c) 24\u2010hr diary of motor impairment, dyskinesia, xerostomia, dysphagia, drooling, daily habits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 75 PD patients who completed the study, 67% reported dysphagia (mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0standard deviation VAS 4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02), 76% drooling (5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02), 77% xerostomia (5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02). Xerostomia was associated with comorbidities (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.021) and smoking (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.010) and affected by tremor (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.003), dyskinesia (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.010), dysphagia (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), food intake (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.005), sleep (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.011), age (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.018), medication intake (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.063), LEDD (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.052), daytime (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.075), disease duration (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.004). Xerostomia peaked at 9\u00a0a.m. and 9\u00a0p.m.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PD patients suffer from xerostomia, dysphagia, and drooling. Subjective dysphagia is associated with drooling and xerostomia, but drooling prevalence or intensity does not influence xerostomia symptoms. Tremor, dyskinesia, and disease duration, which characterise PD, affect xerostomia. Additionally, food intake, sleep, age, LEDD, and daytime (peaks at 9\u00a0a.m. and 9\u00a0p.m.) increase xerostomia occurrence. This knowledge may improve dentists\u2019 advice to patients and aid development of patient\u2010centred, symptom\u2010relieving products.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]],"date-time":"2018-07-20T09:24:15Z","timestamp":1532078655000},"page":"282-289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Circadian rhythms and influencing factors of xerostomia among Parkinson\u2019s disease patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0169-2582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Greta","family":"Barbe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Centre of Dental Medicine University of Cologne K\u00f6ln Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Ludwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Centre of Dental Medicine University of Cologne K\u00f6ln Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Scharfenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Centre of Dental Medicine University of Cologne K\u00f6ln Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Hellmich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology University of Cologne K\u00f6ln Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Dano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Cologne K\u00f6ln Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Thomas","family":"Barbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Cologne K\u00f6ln Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Johannes","family":"Noack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Centre of Dental Medicine University of Cologne K\u00f6ln Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12237"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12622"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-197601050-00001"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-2011-11021","article-title":"Dry mouth: An overlooked autonomic symptom of Parkinson's disease","volume":"1","author":"Cersosimo M. 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