{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T11:49:51Z","timestamp":1785325791278,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001791","name":"Griffith University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001791","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medication\u2010related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) is a serious condition developed in up to 15% of patients who take antiresorptive medications. Its underlying pathogenesis remains unclear. The association between systemic comorbidities and MRONJ was investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A case\u2013control study was conducted in Brisbane, Australia. Hospital records were used to identify 68 cases of MRONJ between January 2003 and March 2017. Each case was individually matched to three controls (204 in total) according to sex, age, primary disease, and type and duration of antiresorptive therapy. Data on patient demographic, social and clinical characteristics were collected. Systemic comorbidities and medications were quantified as a comorbidity\u2013polypharmacy score (CPS). Associations were investigated using conditional logistic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The CPS calculated for patients who developed MRONJ (mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0SD\u00a0=\u00a020.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.1) was significantly higher than for controls (12.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.6). Multivariable analysis determined a significant relationship between CPS and the presence of MRONJ (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.5; 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.3, 1.8, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with multiple systemic comorbidities and high levels of polypharmacy were more likely to develop MRONJ. The CPS is a simple and effective tool to quantify the risk of MRONJ attributed to a patient's systemic condition and should be considered in conjunction with the patient's oral health to assess the overall risk of MRONJ.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]],"date-time":"2019-01-24T19:17:52Z","timestamp":1548357472000},"page":"1107-1115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Systemic comorbidities are associated with medication\u2010related osteonecrosis of the jaws: Case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8603-6527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly","family":"McGowan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry and Oral Health Griffith University Southport Queensland Australia"},{"name":"School of Dentistry University of Queensland Herston Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Acton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral &amp; Maxillofacial Surgery Department Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital Herston Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saso","family":"Ivanovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry University of Queensland Herston Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Newell W.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry and Oral Health Griffith University Southport Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University  Southport Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Dental Institute King\u2019s College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert S.","family":"Ware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University  Southport Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Census of population and housing: Socio\u2010economic indexes for areas (SEIFA), Australia, 2016","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS)","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2017.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2008.01.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1Q239"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"b147","article-title":"Preventive strategies and clinical implications for bisphosphonate\u2010related osteonecrosis of the jaw: A review of 282 patients","volume":"77","author":"Bonacina 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