{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T12:17:24Z","timestamp":1788956244050,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,26]],"date-time":"2019-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81570985"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81570985"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of <jats:italic>Streptococcus salivarius<\/jats:italic> K12 as an adjuvant in treating oral candidiasis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 56 patients were participated in the randomized, double\u2010blinded, placebo\u2010controlled clinical trial. The <jats:italic>S.\u00a0salivarius<\/jats:italic> K12 or placebo lozenges plus nystatin tablets were given for up to 4\u00a0weeks at 1\u2010week interval and then followed up for 1\u00a0week thereafter. We collected and analyzed the mycological and clinical data, treatment course, and safety data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At the end of the treatment, significant differences were found in the mycological cure rates between K12 group and control group (90.48% and 55.56%, respectively, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.008). Survival analysis demonstrated no statistical difference in overall cure rates comprehensively considering mycological cure, clinical improvement, and recurrence (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.078), while statistical difference was found in mycological cure (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.013) between the two groups. The median treatment courses of K12 group and control group were 3\u00a0weeks and 4\u00a0weeks, respectively. No severe events were reported during the study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Streptococcus salivarius<\/jats:italic> K12 exhibited potential efficacy and safety as an adjuvant in treating oral candidiasis by enhancing mycological cure and shortening the treatment course of conventional antifungal therapy in this randomized, double\u2010blinded, placebo\u2010controlled clinical trial. Further large\u2010scale clinical studies are desired to accumulate more evidence for its clinical applications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,9]],"date-time":"2019-06-09T06:30:11Z","timestamp":1560061811000},"page":"1573-1580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Effects of <i>Streptococcus salivarius<\/i> K12 with nystatin on oral candidiasis\u2014RCT"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5196-5759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lijun","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghua","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiru","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0751-7374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhimin","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Epidemiology of oropharyngeal candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus\/acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients and CD4+ counts","volume":"7","author":"Berberi A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of International Oral Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2006.02837.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2005.01084.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-010-9045-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.06.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.4.3050-3053.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00188-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.2013.758711"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"4601","article-title":"Effect of administration of Streptococcus salivarius K12 on the occurrence of streptococcal pharyngo\u2010tonsillitis, scarlet fever and acute otitis media in 3 years old children","volume":"20","author":"Pierro F.","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DHPS.S59665"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DHPS.S117214"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S92488"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S38859"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10454411000110020301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S96134"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02265-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.07055-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"80","article-title":"The prevention of dental caries by BLIS\u2010mediated inhibition of mutans streptococci","volume":"87","author":"James S. 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