{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T04:49:52Z","timestamp":1792903792014,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]],"date-time":"2019-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The natural history of oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV\u20101) infection in the immunocompetent host is complex and rich in controversial phenomena, namely the role of unapparent transmission in primary infection acquisition, the high frequency of asymptomatic primary and recurrent infections, the lack of immunogenicity of HSV\u20101 internalized in the soma (cell body) of the sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglion, the lytic activity of HSV\u20101 in the soma of neurons that is inhibited in the sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglion and often uncontrolled in the other neurons, the role of keratin in promoting the development of recurrence episodes in immunocompetent hosts, the virus\u2013host Nash equilibrium, the paradoxical HSV\u20101\u2010seronegative individuals who shed HSV\u20101 through saliva, the limited efficacy of anti\u2010HSV vaccines, and why the oral route of infection is the least likely to produce severe complications. The natural history of oral HSV\u20101 infection is also a history of symbiosis between humans and virus that may switch from mutualism to parasitism and vice versa. This balance is typical of microorganisms that are highly coevolved with humans, and its knowledge is essential to oral healthcare providers to perform adequate diagnosis and provide proper individual\u2010based HSV\u20101 infection therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,16]],"date-time":"2019-11-16T11:45:37Z","timestamp":1573904737000},"page":"1850-1865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["The controversial natural history of oral herpes simplex virus type 1 infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9996-8860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Petti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases Sapienza University Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0218-8292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Lodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Surgical, and Dental Sciences University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155832"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199411000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"247","article-title":"Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis in adults: A review of 13 cases, including diagnosis and management","volume":"68","author":"Ajar A. H.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the Canadian Dental Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12614"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2006.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2014.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjdr.2016.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1470.1999.00072.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21904"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2007.00586.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12080-014-0221-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"253","article-title":"Oral diseases associated with human herpes viruses: Aetiology, clinical features, diagnosis and management","volume":"71","author":"Ballyram R.","year":"2016","journal-title":"South African Dental Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410360605"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2001.01364.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","volume-title":"Medical microbiology","author":"Baron S.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2009.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06198"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2017.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit458"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.11.6.595"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12732"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e3181e949ed"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1128346"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2015.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","volume-title":"Principles of epidemiology in public health practice","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37833-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01419-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2018.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03631-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-013-0189-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(98)90369-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005383"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v9020026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2007.02473.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/2047480615Z.000000000329"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12707"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2005.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1987.0120"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12656"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002679"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"Herpes simplex stomatitis in children: Its clinical picture and complications as seen in Cape Town","volume":"35","author":"Hansen J. D.","year":"1961","journal-title":"South African Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12817"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)92410-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1980.tb131852.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10266-015-0200-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00331-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004535"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","first-page":"AB109","article-title":"Severe primary herpetic gingivostomatitis in a 17\u2010year\u2010old immunocompetent teenager","volume":"64","author":"Husein\u2010ElAhmed H.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2003.03166.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12829"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","volume-title":"Immunobiology: The immune system in health and disease","author":"Janeway C. A.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.56.1.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0614"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-302x.2000.150502.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2014.00290"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2005.01336.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fvl-2018-0023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12512"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-017-8667-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.52.1.300-305.1984","article-title":"Detection of multiple strains of latent herpes simplex virus type 1 within individual human hosts","volume":"52","author":"Lewis M. E.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186373"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2013.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00915547"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2007.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2324709614530560"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13506"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2018.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000074112"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2739\/kurumemedj.47.273"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23712.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/64130"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11138\/ads\/2017.8.2.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/262415"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2010.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12797"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2011.291"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8054709"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12692"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900722"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens6020024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12796"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2018.1425620"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000522"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-092412-155654"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2004.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12782"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_92_1","first-page":"96","article-title":"Parasites, behavioral defenses, and the social psychological mechanisms through which cultures are evoked","volume":"17","author":"Schaller M.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychological Inquiry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2007.07.202"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00177"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.070279"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12085"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12241"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.05348.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.19.5.675-679.1984","article-title":"Pathogenesis of herpes simplex labialis: Excretion of virus in the oral cavity","volume":"19","author":"Spruance S. L.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011915"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-013-0414-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70267-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2016.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63575-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01295-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jcdp-3-1-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_109_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis in children and adults","volume":"40","author":"Tovaru S.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Quintessence International"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.16.e163"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02741-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msu185"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.06.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2011.01074.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04638-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12517"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1707-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12606"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_120_1","volume-title":"Interim guidance. Ebola event management at points of entry","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/3045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2739\/kurumemedj.47.299"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01310061"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144319"}],"container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fodi.13234","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/odi.13234","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/odi.13234","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/odi.13234","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T20:41:47Z","timestamp":1694119307000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/odi.13234"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"references-count":123,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/odi.13234"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/odi.13234","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1354-523X","1601-0825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1354-523X","type":"print"},{"value":"1601-0825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-08-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-11-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-11-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}