{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T20:56:34Z","timestamp":1788900994534,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated whether patients with geographic tongue have increased salivary levels of calprotectin and whether there is a correlation between the salivary levels of calprotectin and interleukin 8 (IL\u20108), which is another marker of inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010three patients diagnosed with geographic tongue and 32 control subjects without oral mucosal lesions were included in the study. The patients with geographic tongue were classified based on clinical appearance and number of oral lesions. ELISAs were used to determine the levels of calprotectin and IL\u20108 in whole saliva samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a statistically significant increase in the salivary output of calprotectin in patients with geographic tongue compared with the healthy controls (62\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09,1 vs. 37,5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04,7\u00a0\u00b5g\/min; <jats:italic>p\u00a0=\u00a0.0134<\/jats:italic>). Furthermore, the levels of calprotectin correlated positively with the number of oral lesions in patients with geographic tongue. There was also a significant and positive correlation between the salivary levels of calprotectin and IL\u20108, both for the patients with geographic tongue and the controls<jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study supports the notion that GT is an inflammatory disease, in which the activation of neutrophils and production of calprotectin in the saliva may play roles in its pathogenesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T08:12:01Z","timestamp":1576570321000},"page":"558-565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Increased levels of calprotectin in the saliva of patients with geographic tongue"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7902-5101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vegard","family":"Garsj\u00f6","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Hospital Dentistry Bor\u00e5s Hospital Public Dental Service Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland Bor\u00e5s Sweden"},{"name":"Special Care Dentistry\/Clinic of Oral Medicine Odontologen Public Dental Service Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5333-3613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amal","family":"Dafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology Institute of Odontology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery King Fahad General Hospital Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3753-7314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mats","family":"Jontell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology Institute of Odontology The Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4363-8667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00fclya","family":"\u00c7evik\u2010Aras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Orofacial Medicine\/Hospital Dentistry Public Dental Service Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland Trollh\u00e4ttan Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7977-5690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Bratel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Care Dentistry\/Clinic of Oral Medicine Odontologen Public Dental Service Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"Medication use and medical history of 155 patients with oral lichenoid lesions: A retrospective study","volume":"66","author":"Alqahtani M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"General Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.51934"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2006.01312.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1993.tb00761.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(75)90401-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"133","article-title":"The L1 protein as a new indicator of inflammatory activity in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"18","author":"Berntzen H. 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