{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:05:28Z","timestamp":1791925528265,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]],"date-time":"2020-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#403257\/2012\u20103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#403257\/2012\u20103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#475979\/2013\u20103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#475979\/2013\u20103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the association between periodontitis and self\u2010reported halitosis among young adults, and whether there is an interaction between the effects of smoking and periodontitis on halitosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from the 1982 Pelotas birth cohort, Brazil, were used. The controlled direct effect of periodontitis on self\u2010reported halitosis, not mediated by tongue coating, was estimated using marginal structural modeling. In addition, an interaction between the effects of smoking and periodontitis on halitosis was also tested. Confounders comprised sociodemographic information, obesity, diabetes, and oral hygiene habits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The controlled direct effect of periodontitis on halitosis not mediated by tongue coating showed that individuals with periodontitis had 90% higher risk of self\u2010reporting halitosis (RR 1.90) compared to healthy individuals. Individuals with mild periodontitis had twice the risk of reporting halitosis than periodontally healthy individuals (RR 2.31). We also found an interaction between the effects of smoking and periodontitis on halitosis, as noted among smokers with mild (RR 2.91) and moderate\u2010to\u2010severe periodontitis (RR 5.84).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a controlled direct effect of periodontitis on halitosis not mediated by tongue coating. Additionally, an interaction between the effects of smoking and periodontitis on halitosis was also detected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,25]],"date-time":"2020-01-25T09:14:48Z","timestamp":1579943688000},"page":"843-846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Periodontitis and self\u2010reported halitosis among young adults from the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Manuela F.","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Dentistry Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4288-6300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo G.","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Periodontology Department of Dentistry and Oral Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8053-4517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1bio R.M.","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Periodontology Department of Dentistry and Oral Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernardo L.","family":"Horta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Epidemiology Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2276-491X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1vio F.","family":"Demarco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Dentistry Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Epidemiology Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas 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