{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T16:48:30Z","timestamp":1776876510111,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,16]],"date-time":"2020-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","award":["#401610\/2016-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#401610\/2016-0"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the expression of programmed death\u2010ligands 1 and 2 (PD\u2010L1, PD\u2010L2), programmed death\u20101 (PD\u20101), CD8 and granzyme B (GrB), as well as its correlation with the severity of oral lichen planus (OLP).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a collaborative study, 33 cases of OLP were evaluated according to the latest criteria proposed by the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology (AAOMP\/2016) and were submitted to immunohistochemistry. Positivity was measured semiquantitatively (PD\u2010L1, PD\u2010L2) and quantitatively (PD\u20101, CD8, GrB). The severity of OLP was assessed according to clinical subtype, symptomatology and response to corticosteroid therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most OLPs were considered to be negative for PD\u2010L1 (66.6%), but high expression of PD\u2010L2 (96.9%) by keratinocytes and immunoinflammatory cells was observed. PD\u20101<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cell density\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> was reduced compared to CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells. A low cytotoxic immune response (CD8:GrB ratio) was also demonstrated. Interestingly, there were fewer GrB<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells in the intraepithelial region in reticular OLP compared to erosive\/bullous OLP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>PD\u2010L1\/PD\u20101 pathways appear to be compromised in OLP due to low PD\u2010L1 expression in most samples. In contrast, PD\u2010L2 overexpression associated with a possible regulation of the cytotoxic immune response suggests an immune tolerance that may contribute to the chronic profile of OLP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T18:56:20Z","timestamp":1586285780000},"page":"1246-1254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Evaluation of PD\u2010L1, PD\u2010L2, PD\u20101 and cytotoxic immune response in oral lichen planus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0198-5828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N\u00e1dia Lago","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology (Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology) School of Dentistry Universidade Federal de Goi\u00e1s Goi\u00e2nia Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2823-9596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie Ane Maria","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology (Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology) School of Dentistry Universidade Federal de Goi\u00e1s Goi\u00e2nia Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7599-7170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara Lia Gon\u00e7alves","family":"de Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology (Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology) School of Dentistry Universidade Federal de Goi\u00e1s Goi\u00e2nia Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6599-3950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Alcides Almeida","family":"de Arruda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology School of Dentistry Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8559-3236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Carolina Campos","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology (Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology) School of Dentistry Universidade Federal de Goi\u00e1s Goi\u00e2nia Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3207-4007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo Alves","family":"Mesquita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology School of Dentistry Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2128-0147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c9ricka Janine Dantas","family":"da Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Odontology Sciences Department of Dentistry Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2117-5593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline Carvalho","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology (Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology) School of Dentistry Universidade Federal de Goi\u00e1s Goi\u00e2nia Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12577"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2018.1425359"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2016.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2011.01014.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2014.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-1769"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"e1109","article-title":"Clinicopathologic data of individuals with oral lichen planus: A Brazilian case series","volume":"11","author":"Lima S. 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