{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T21:19:04Z","timestamp":1786915144526,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]],"date-time":"2020-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011645","name":"Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KMU\u2010TC108A02\u20100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMU\u2010TC108A02\u20100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011645","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011645","name":"Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KMU\u2010TP104B11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMU\u2010TP104B11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011645","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011645","name":"Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KMU\u2010TP105B11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMU\u2010TP105B11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011645","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011645","name":"Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KMUH108\u20108M59"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMUH108\u20108M59"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011645","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST104\u20102314\u2010B\u2010037\u2010059\u2010MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST104\u20102314\u2010B\u2010037\u2010059\u2010MY2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic inflammatory disease and a potentially malignant oral disorder. However, the best therapeutic treatment for OSMF remains uncertain. Our previous study showed that photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy and forskolin could reduce arecoline\u2010induced fibrosis reactions via the cAMP pathway. The present study aimed to establish an animal model of areca nut extract (ANE)\u2010induced OSMF and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of PBM and forskolin for ANE\u2010induced OSMF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mice were divided into five groups. The buccal tissues were harvested for histomorphological analysis and immunoblotting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results showed that PBM significantly reduced the development of ANE\u2010induced OSMF, quantified by changes in submucosal layer thickness and collagen deposition. Additionally, PBM could extensively reduce the protein expression of the fibrotic marker genes alpha\u2010smooth muscle actin (\u03b1\u2010SMA) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in buccal submucous lesions. However, forskolin treatment significantly decreased the protein expression of fibrotic marker genes but slightly decreased the observed histomorphological changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We established an ANE\u2010induced OSMF mouse model, which also provided a model for the development of a therapeutic treatment for OSMF. The anti\u2010fibrotic effects of PBM and forskolin may be useful for clinical interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T10:35:00Z","timestamp":1589193300000},"page":"1474-1482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Photobiomodulation therapy inhibits oral submucous fibrosis in mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Min\u2010Hsuan","family":"Chiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry College of Dental Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine Orthopaedic Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun\u2010Tsung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry College of Dental Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Oral Hygiene College of Dental Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia\u2010Hsin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine Orthopaedic Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Kaohsiung Municipal Ta\u2010Tung Hospital Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation School of Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ker\u2010Kong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry College of Dental Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dentistry Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8161-7472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan\u2010Hsiung","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry College of Dental Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine Orthopaedic Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 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