{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T15:41:11Z","timestamp":1792338071072,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,30]],"date-time":"2020-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The significance of the oral manifestations of HIV has been widely recognised since the start of the epidemic. It is estimated that more than 38 million people are living with HIV currently, with more than a third presenting with oral manifestations. Access to optimum clinical management and effective treatment in resource\u2010rich countries has led to a remarkable decrease in some of the oral manifestations in the HIV population but this is not mirrored in developing countries, where most HIV\u2010positive patients reside. In this paper, a review of the literature since the start of the HIV infection in different parts of the world is presented to highlight the current significance of the oral conditions in this population. Oral candidiasis was repeatedly reported as the most encountered oral manifestation of HIV in different countries, including in studies on groups on anti\u2010retroviral therapy. Over time salivary gland disease was reported less in developed countries but was encountered more in developing countries. There is evidence to show that the prevalence of oral warts increased with the establishment of anti\u2010retroviral therapy. A review of the worldwide prevalence of HIV\u2010related oral conditions indicates that except for oral hairy leucoplakia, the prevalence of all other nine commonly reported oral conditions remained the same or increased over time. Oral opportunistic infections in HIV\u2010infected patients are an ongoing clinical burden mainly in developing countries. Maintaining research in the subject and improving access to HIV treatment will help address the oral health inequalities around the world.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,30]],"date-time":"2020-08-30T16:46:57Z","timestamp":1598806017000},"page":"22-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["The global changing pattern of the oral manifestations of HIV"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Anwar R.","family":"Tappuni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22583"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12032"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.1997.tb00375.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(90)90322-J"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_4_6_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Epidemiology and relationships between CD4+ counts and oral lesions among 50 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"7","author":"Berberi A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of International Oral Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_7_1","first-page":"E33","article-title":"Prevalence of oral lesions in HIV patients related to CD4 cell count and viral load in a Venezuelan population","volume":"11","author":"Bravo I. 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