{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T23:27:58Z","timestamp":1791588478731,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,30]],"date-time":"2020-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A crucial aspect of mucosal HIV transmission is the interaction between HIV, the local environmental milieu and immune cells. The oral mucosa comprises many host cell types including epithelial cells, CD4\u00a0+\u00a0T cells, dendritic cells and monocytes\/macrophages, as well as a diverse microbiome predominantly comprising bacterial species. While the oral epithelium is one of the first sites exposed to HIV through oral\u2010genital contact and nursing infants, it is largely thought to be resistant to HIV transmission via mechanisms that are still unclear. HIV\u20101 infection is also associated with predisposition to secondary infections, such as tuberculosis, and other diseases including cancer. This review addresses the following questions that were discussed at the 8th World Workshop on Oral Health and Disease in AIDS held in Bali, Indonesia, 13 September \u201415 September 2019: (a) How does HIV infection affect epithelial cell signalling? (b) How does HIV infection affect the production of cytokines and other innate antimicrobial factors, (c) How is the mucosal distribution and function of immune cells altered in HIV infection? (d) How do T cells affect HIV (oral) pathogenesis and cancer? (e) How does HIV infection lead to susceptibility to TB infections?<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,30]],"date-time":"2020-08-30T20:46:57Z","timestamp":1598820417000},"page":"69-79","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Innate immune mechanisms to oral pathogens in oral mucosa of HIV\u2010infected individuals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Aaron","family":"Weinberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences School of Dental Medicine Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharof","family":"Tugizov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California\u2010San Francisco San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pushpa","family":"Pandiyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences School of Dental Medicine Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences School of Dental Medicine Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srabanti","family":"Rakshit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology of HIV\u2010TB co\u2010infection Centre for Infectious Disease Research Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annapurna","family":"Vyakarnam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King's College London London UK"},{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology of HIV\u2010TB co\u2010infection Centre for Infectious Disease Research Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian R.","family":"Naglik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Host\u2010Microbiome Interactions Faculty of Dentistry Oral &amp; 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